Difference between revisions of "Fourth Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)"
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− | == | + | The '''Fourth Cruiser Squadron''' was called '''Cruiser Force H''' for a time at the start of the war. It often was the primary component of the [[North America and West Indies Station]], sometimes being equivalent to that command. |
− | The Fourth Cruiser Squadron was | + | |
+ | ==History== | ||
+ | |||
+ | From 8 February, 1907 to 8 February, 1909, Rear-Admiral [[Frederick Samuel Inglefield|Frederick S. Inglefield]] was in command of the squadron, flying his flag in {{UK-Euryalus}}.<ref>Inglefield Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/19}}. f. 473.</ref> By this time the command-in-chief status and the allusion to the North America and West Indies Station seems to have been abandoned.{{INF}} Inglefield was succeeded at Portsmouth by Rear-Admiral [[Arthur Murray Farquhar|Arthur M. Farquhar]] on 8 February, 1909.<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914. Issue '''38875''', col B, p. 7.</ref> Rear-Admiral [[Edward Eden Bradford|Edward E. Bradford]] was appointed in command on 8 February, 1911, and struck his flag on 8 February, 1913.<ref>Bradford Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/38}}. f. 168.</ref> He was succeeded on the same day by Rear-Admiral [[Christopher George Francis Maurice Cradock|Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock]].<ref>Cradock Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42}}. f. 89.</ref> On 1 May, 1912, the Fourth Cruiser Squadron was renamed the Training Squadron.<ref>M. 11735/12. 29 March, 1912. {{TNA|ADM 1/8271}}. f. 2 of Admiralty letter.</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | With Cradock's appointment in 1913 the Fourth Cruiser Squadron ceased to be a training squadron and became part of the [[First Fleet (Royal Navy)|First Fleet]].<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Tuesday, 21 January, 1913. Issue '''40114''', col C, p. 10.</ref> It was intended that it should be able to join the Commander-in-Chief in Home waters for manœuvres, but it was in effect permanently detached to protect British interests in Mexico.{{UKNavalOpsI|pp. 11-13}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Composition== | ||
+ | ===April, 1909=== | ||
+ | {{UK-Leviathan}} was made flagship on 20 April, but actually hoisted {{RearRN}} [[Arthur Murray Farquhar]]'s flag on 25 April, 1909.<ref>Farquhar Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/38.}} f. 444.</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===December, 1912=== | ||
+ | <ref>Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]</ref> | ||
+ | |||
+ | *{{UK-1Suffolk}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Berwick}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Donegal}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===December, 1913=== | ||
+ | The West Atlantic squadron has gained a cruiser in net strength. {{UK-Donegal}} left for an assignment I've yet to discover. New arrival {{UK-Essex}}'s point of origin is likewise a mystery.<ref>Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]</ref> | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Suffolk}} [[File:RAdm.png|border|25px]] | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Berwick}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Essex}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Lancaster}} (joined from {{UK-CS|5}}) | ||
+ | *{{UK-Hermione}} (joined from {{UK-CS|11}}) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===July, 1914=== | ||
+ | <ref>Printed page "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad" in Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]</ref> | ||
+ | A light cruiser has replaced {{UK-Hermione}}. | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Suffolk}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Berwick}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Essex}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Lancaster}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Bristol|f=t}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===5 August, 1914=== | ||
+ | {{DittColl|p. 16}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Based in the West Atlantic, the formation was a cruiser squadron in name only, as it was comprised of: | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Suffolk|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Berwick|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Bristol|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Essex|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Lancaster|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Glory|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Niobe|f=t}} | ||
+ | *An auxiliary merchant cruiser | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===September, 1914=== | ||
+ | {{SMNLSep14|p. 10}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Based in the West Atlantic, the formation was a cruiser squadron in name only, as it was comprised of: | ||
+ | *{{UK-Glory|f=t}} (flag) | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Suffolk|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Essex|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Lancaster|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Berwick|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Niobe|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Caronia|f=t}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===January, 1915=== | ||
+ | {{UK-Lancaster}} has left to join the {{UK-CS|7}}. The {{UK-Calgarian|f=t}} has joined.{{SMNLJan15|pp. 9-10}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | *{{UK-Glory|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Suffolk|f=t}} (flag) | ||
+ | *{{UK-Essex|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-1Berwick|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Niobe|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Caronia|f=t}} | ||
+ | *{{UK-Calgarian|f=t}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==In Command== | ||
+ | Dates of appointment given: | ||
+ | <div name=fredbot:office0 otitle="Rear-Admiral Commanding, Fourth Cruiser Squadron" nat="UK"> | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Frederick Samuel Inglefield|nick=Frederick S. Inglefield|appt=8 February, 1907<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Thursday, 10 January, 1907. Issue '''38226''', col D, p. 5.</ref><ref>Inglefield Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/19.}} f. 473.</ref>|end=8 February, 1909<ref>Inglefield Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/19.}} f. 473.</ref>|precBy=[[Day Hort Bosanquet|Sir Day H. Bosanquet]] as [[North America and West Indies Station|Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station]]}} | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Arthur Murray Farquhar|nick=Arthur M. Farquhar|appt=8 February, 1909<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914. Issue '''38875''', col B, p. 7.</ref>|end=8 February, 1911<ref>Farquhar Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/38.}} f. 444.</ref>}} | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Edward Eden Bradford|nick=Edward E. Bradford|appt=8 February, 1911<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Tuesday, 10 January, 1911. Issue '''39478''', col B, p. 4.</ref>|end=8 February, 1913<ref>Bradford Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}} f. 335.</ref>}} | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Christopher George Francis Maurice Cradock|nick=Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock|appt=8 February, 1913<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Tuesday, 21 January, 1913. Issue '''40114''', col C, p. 10.</ref>|end=1 November, 1914|note=killed in command|succBy=[[Robert Stewart Phipps Hornby|Robert S. P. Hornby]] as [[North America and West Indies Station|Commander-in-Chief, North America and West Indies Station]]}} | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}}|name=Arthur John Layard Murray|nick=Arthur J. L. Murray|appt=c. mid 1939|end=1941}} | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=William George Tennant|nick=William George Tennant|ass=18 April, 1942|end=8 November, 1943}} | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Arthur Duncan Read|nick=Arthur D. Read|appt=November, 1943{{MackieRNSA}}|end=November, 1944{{MackieRNSA}}}} | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=Eric James Patrick Brind|nick=Eric J. P. Brind|appt=October, 1944|end=4 January, 1946}} | ||
+ | {{Tenure|rank=Rear-Admiral|name=John Hereward Edelsten|nick=John H. Edelsten|appt=4 January, 1946{{INF}}|end=14 October, 1946<ref>Edelsten Service Record {{TNA|ADM 196/53/104.|}} f. 105.</ref>}} | ||
+ | </div name=fredbot:office0> | ||
==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
Line 7: | Line 90: | ||
==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
{{refbegin}} | {{refbegin}} | ||
− | |||
{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{RNCruiserSquadrons|sort=4}} |
Latest revision as of 13:50, 6 October 2021
The Fourth Cruiser Squadron was called Cruiser Force H for a time at the start of the war. It often was the primary component of the North America and West Indies Station, sometimes being equivalent to that command.
History
From 8 February, 1907 to 8 February, 1909, Rear-Admiral Frederick S. Inglefield was in command of the squadron, flying his flag in Euryalus.[1] By this time the command-in-chief status and the allusion to the North America and West Indies Station seems to have been abandoned.[Inference] Inglefield was succeeded at Portsmouth by Rear-Admiral Arthur M. Farquhar on 8 February, 1909.[2] Rear-Admiral Edward E. Bradford was appointed in command on 8 February, 1911, and struck his flag on 8 February, 1913.[3] He was succeeded on the same day by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock.[4] On 1 May, 1912, the Fourth Cruiser Squadron was renamed the Training Squadron.[5]
With Cradock's appointment in 1913 the Fourth Cruiser Squadron ceased to be a training squadron and became part of the First Fleet.[6] It was intended that it should be able to join the Commander-in-Chief in Home waters for manœuvres, but it was in effect permanently detached to protect British interests in Mexico.[7]
Composition
April, 1909
Leviathan was made flagship on 20 April, but actually hoisted Rear-Admiral Arthur Murray Farquhar's flag on 25 April, 1909.[8]
December, 1912
December, 1913
The West Atlantic squadron has gained a cruiser in net strength. Donegal left for an assignment I've yet to discover. New arrival Essex's point of origin is likewise a mystery.[10]
- Suffolk
- Berwick
- Essex
- Lancaster (joined from Fifth Cruiser Squadron)
- Hermione (joined from Eleventh Cruiser Squadron)
July, 1914
[11] A light cruiser has replaced Hermione.
5 August, 1914
Based in the West Atlantic, the formation was a cruiser squadron in name only, as it was comprised of:
- armoured cruiser Suffolk
- armoured cruiser Berwick
- light cruiser Bristol
- armoured cruiser Essex
- armoured cruiser Lancaster
- battleship Glory
- first class protected cruiser Niobe
- An auxiliary merchant cruiser
September, 1914
Based in the West Atlantic, the formation was a cruiser squadron in name only, as it was comprised of:
- battleship Glory (flag)
- armoured cruiser Suffolk
- armoured cruiser Essex
- armoured cruiser Lancaster
- armoured cruiser Berwick
- first class protected cruiser Niobe
- armed merchant cruiser Caronia
January, 1915
Lancaster has left to join the Seventh Cruiser Squadron. The armed merchant cruiser Calgarian has joined.[14]
- battleship Glory
- armoured cruiser Suffolk (flag)
- armoured cruiser Essex
- armoured cruiser Berwick
- first class protected cruiser Niobe
- armed merchant cruiser Caronia
- armed merchant cruiser Calgarian
In Command
Dates of appointment given:
- Rear-Admiral Frederick S. Inglefield, 8 February, 1907[15][16] – 8 February, 1909[17]
- Rear-Admiral Arthur M. Farquhar, 8 February, 1909[18] – 8 February, 1911[19]
- Rear-Admiral Edward E. Bradford, 8 February, 1911[20] – 8 February, 1913[21]
- Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher G. F. M. Cradock, 8 February, 1913[22] – 1 November, 1914 (killed in command)
- Rear-Admiral Arthur J. L. Murray, c. mid 1939 – 1941
- Rear-Admiral William George Tennant, 18 April, 1942 – 8 November, 1943
- Rear-Admiral Arthur D. Read, November, 1943[23] – November, 1944[24]
- Rear-Admiral Eric J. P. Brind, October, 1944 – 4 January, 1946
- Rear-Admiral John H. Edelsten, 4 January, 1946[Inference] – 14 October, 1946[25]
Footnotes
- ↑ Inglefield Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/19. f. 473.
- ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914. Issue 38875, col B, p. 7.
- ↑ Bradford Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 168.
- ↑ Cradock Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 89.
- ↑ M. 11735/12. 29 March, 1912. The National Archives. ADM 1/8271. f. 2 of Admiralty letter.
- ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Tuesday, 21 January, 1913. Issue 40114, col C, p. 10.
- ↑ Naval Operations. Volume I. pp. 11-13.
- ↑ Farquhar Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 444.
- ↑ Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]
- ↑ Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]
- ↑ Printed page "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad" in Albert Francis Barclay Bridges papers at The Caird Library at the National Maritime Museum. [BRG 1/1]
- ↑ Dittmar; Colledge. British Warships 1914–1919. p. 16.
- ↑ Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (September 1914). p. 10.
- ↑ Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (January, 1915). pp. 9-10.
- ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Thursday, 10 January, 1907. Issue 38226, col D, p. 5.
- ↑ Inglefield Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/19. f. 473.
- ↑ Inglefield Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/19. f. 473.
- ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Friday, 5 February, 1909, 1914. Issue 38875, col B, p. 7.
- ↑ Farquhar Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 444.
- ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Tuesday, 10 January, 1911. Issue 39478, col B, p. 4.
- ↑ Bradford Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/20. f. 335.
- ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Tuesday, 21 January, 1913. Issue 40114, col C, p. 10.
- ↑ Mackie, Colin. ROYAL NAVY SENIOR APPOINTMENTS.
- ↑ Mackie, Colin. ROYAL NAVY SENIOR APPOINTMENTS.
- ↑ Edelsten Service Record The National Archives. ADM 196/53/104. f. 105.
Bibliography