Difference between revisions of "H.M.S. Orion (1910)"

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{|align="right" border="2" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" width="300"
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<div name=fredbot:career>{{ShipCareer|fullname=H.M.S. ''Orion'' (1910)|fate2=Scrapped
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|align="center" colspan="2"|'''H.M.S. ''Orion'''''
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|comm=2 Jan, 1912
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|-
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|fatedate=19 Dec, 1922{{DittColl|p. 33}}
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!style="color: white; height: 30px; background: crimson;"| Career
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|order=1909 Programme{{Conways1906|p. 28}}
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!style="color: white; height: 30px; background: crimson;"| Details
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|name=Orion
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|-
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|launch=20 Aug, 1910{{DittColl|p. 33}}
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|Pendant Number:
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|comp=29 Dec, 1911<ref>''Navy (Dockyard Expense Accounts). 1913&ndash;1914''. p. 29.</ref>
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|86 (April, 1918)<ref>Dittmar; Colledge. ''British Warships 1914–1919''. p. 33.</ref>
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|builder=[[Portsmouth Royal Dockyard]]{{Conways1906|p. 28}}
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|-
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|laid=29 Nov, 1909{{Conways1906|p. 28}}
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|Built By:
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|fate=Sold
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|[[Portsmouth Royal Dockyard]]
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|pend=52 (1914)<br>91 (Jan 1918)<br>86 (Apr 1918){{DittColl|p. 33}}
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|-
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|cost=£1,711,652{{UKDockyardExpenseAccounts1913|p. 137}}
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|Ordered:
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|fg=white|bg=crimson}}</div name=fredbot:career>
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|1909
 
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|-
 
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|Laid Down:
 
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|29 November, 1909
 
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|-
 
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|Launched:
 
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|20 August, 1910
 
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|-
 
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|Commissioned:
 
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|2 January, 1912
 
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|-
 
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|Sold:
 
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|19 December, 1922
 
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|-
 
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|Fate:
 
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|Scrapped
 
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|-
 
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!colspan="2" align="center" style="color: white; height: 30px; background: crimson  no-repeat scroll top left;"|General characteristics
 
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|-
 
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|Displacement:
 
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|22,000&nbsp;tons standard/25,870&nbsp;tons max
 
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|-
 
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|Length:
 
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|581&nbsp;feet (177.1&nbsp;m)
 
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|-
 
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|Beam:
 
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|88&nbsp;feet (26.8&nbsp;m)
 
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|-
 
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|Draught:
 
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|24&nbsp;feet (7.3&nbsp;m)
 
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|-
 
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|Propulsion:
 
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|Steam turbines, 18 boilers, 4 shafts, 27,000&nbsp;hp
 
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|-
 
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|Speed:
 
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|21&nbsp;knots
 
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|-
 
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|Range:
 
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|
 
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|-
 
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|Complement:
 
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|750–1100
 
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|-
 
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|Armament:
 
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|10 × 13.5&nbsp;inch (343&nbsp;mm) guns<br>16 × 4&nbsp;inch (102&nbsp;mm) guns<br>3 × 21&nbsp;inch (533&nbsp;mm) submerged torpedo tubes
 
−
|}
 
  
−
==Career==
+
==Service==
−
{{CommRN}} [[Julian Francis Chichester Patterson]], 1914-1917 (Gunnery Officer)
+
H.M.S. ''Orion'' was one of eight armoured vessels authorised in 1909 and one of four [[Orion Class Battleship (1910) |Orion Class Battleships]] and was built at [[Portsmouth Royal Dockyard]].<ref name=thetimes1911>Explosion at the Orion. ''The Times'' (London, England), Wednesday, Dec 13, 1911; pg. 7; Issue 39767.</ref>  She was laid down on 29 November 1909 and launched on 20 August 1910.{{DittColl|p. 33}}{{Conways1906|p. 28}} She had a displacement of 22,500 tons and was the first vessel to be mounted with a 13.5-inch Mk II mountings for her main battery guns.<ref name=thetimes1911/><ref>Hodges. ''The Big Gun''. p. 62.</ref>
  
−
In 24-25 August 1915, ''Orion'' won the Second Battle Squadron Pulling Regatta at Scapa.  Dreyer rowed in boats that proved victorious in the Officers' Cutter Race and the Officers' Veterans Skiff Race.  The ship also won the 2BS Sailing Regatta held on 23 September.<ref>Dreyer.  ''The Sea Heritage: A Study of Maritime Warfare'', p. 95.</ref>
+
Her acceptance trial was concluded on 25 November, 1911.<ref name=thetimes1911/>   A few weeks later on 12 December, eighteen officers and men were injured when an explosion occurred onboard while ''Orion'' was at Portsmouth.<ref name=thetimes1911/>
  
−
==Main Armament==
+
On 1 January, 1912 the old battleship {{UK-1Revenge}}, which was a tender to {{UK-Excellent}}, broke free from her moorings and drifted across Portsmouth Harbour to strike ''Orion''.  Her drift had been slowed by anchors let go, and so ''Orion'' escaped damage.  Even so, the precautionary docking of the new ship would delay her joining the Home Fleet as the new second flagship.{{ToL|The Orion in Collision|8 Jan. 1912, p. 10}} 
−
''Orion'' was built with 13.5-inch Mk II mountings for her guns.<ref>Hodges.  ''The Big Gun''. p. 62.</ref> 
+
 
 +
''Orion'' joined the {{UK-BS|2}}, and would act as the formation's flagship from December, 1913 or earlier.  She would remain with this formation through the entirety of the [[Great War]].
 +
 
 +
''Orion'' was recommissioned at Devonport on 4 February, 1914.{{NLApr14|p. 352}}
 +
 
 +
{{CommRN}} [[Julian Francis Chichester Patterson|Julian F. C. Patterson]] served as the ship's gunnery officer from 1914 through 1917.
 +
 
 +
In 24-25 August 1915, ''Orion'' won the {{UK-BS|2}} Pulling Regatta at Scapa.  Dreyer rowed in boats that proved victorious in the Officers' Cutter Race and the Officers' Veterans Skiff Race.  The ship also won the 2BS Sailing Regatta held on 23 September.{{DreyerSeaHeritage|p. 95}}
 +
 
 +
===Jutland===
 +
:{{Main|H.M.S. Orion at the Battle of Jutland}}
 +
 
 +
===Post-War===
 +
When the Fleet was reorganized in May 1919, ''Orion'' was transferred to the {{UK-BS|3}}, acting as that formation's second flagship.{{SMNLMay19|p. 12}}
 +
 
 +
''Orion'' recommissioned at Portland on 1 October, 1920.{{NLJan21|p. 818}}
 +
 
 +
On 19 December 1922, ''Orion'' was decommissioned and sold off.{{DittColl|p. 33}}
 +
 
 +
==Radio==
 +
By the end of 1913, she and the rest of the {{UK-BS|2}} were all equipped with [[British_Wireless_Systems#Short_Distance_Set|Battleship Auxiliary W/T sets]].{{ARTS1913|W/T Appendix, p. 13}}
 +
 
 +
==Boats==
 +
In July 1914, the ship was appropriated 42-foot motor launch No. 263, though the boat was not yet delivered from the contractor.{{AWO1914|122 of 10 July, 1914}}
 +
 
 +
==Secondary Battery==
 +
''Orion'' differed from her sisters in using a P. IV* mounting (as in the ''Colossus'' class) rather than a P. II* mounting for her sixteen 4-in guns. Their details can be found [[Colossus Class Battleship (1910)#Secondary Battery|here]].  She may have been fitted with a director system for these by mid/late 1917 &mdash; a tweak that was not as easily offered her nominal sisters with their older mountings.{{DirectorH|p. 145}}
  
 
==Torpedoes==
 
==Torpedoes==
−
The ships had three 21-in submerged torpedo tubes.  ''Orion'''s broadside tubes were angled at 90 degrees, unlike her sisters, whose were angled 10 degrees in advance of the beam.<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1917'', p. 190.</ref>
+
The ships had three 21-in submerged torpedo tubes.  ''Orion'''s broadside tubes were angled at 90 degrees, unlike her sisters, whose were angled 10 degrees in advance of the beam.{{ARTS1917|p. 190}}
 +
 
 +
==Searchlights==
 +
In late 1913, two 24-in Automatic Motor Lamps manufactured by Messrs. Clarke, Chapman & Co. Ltd., a model which had recently been trialled in {{UK-Vernon}}, were to be installed in the ship at [[Devonport Royal Dockyard]] for a three-month trial.{{AWO1913|702 of 5 Dec, 1913}}
  
 
==Alterations==
 
==Alterations==
−
In 1913, ''Orion'' was slated as part of the [[British Adoption of the Director#Early Orders|seventeen ship order]] to receive a director for her main battery.  It was fitted in late April or early May, 1915 during a weeklong refit in Devonport, and the wiring was completed in May at Scapa Flow.<ref>''The Technical History and Index: Fire Control in HM Ships''. pp. 9-10.</ref> <ref>Dreyer.  ''The Sea Heritage: A Study of Maritime Warfare'', pp. 94-95.</ref>
+
In 1913, ''Orion'' was slated as part of the [[British Adoption of the Director#Early Orders|seventeen ship order]] to receive a director for her main battery.  It was fitted in late April or early May, 1915 during a weeklong refit in Devonport, and the wiring was completed in May at Scapa Flow. Very soon thereafter, a test of six half salvoes in Scapa demonstrated mean patterns of 200 yards at 12,000 yards.{{FCHMShips|pp. 9-10}}{{DreyerSeaHeritage|pp. 94-95}}{{Burt1986|p. 140}}
  
−
In 1915, it was also decided to outfit her 4-in battery with director firing as a test, as resources did not permit wholesale support of the ships with 4-in secondaries.  However, this installation did not actually occur until mid-1918.<ref>''The Technical History and Index: Fire Control in HM Ships''. pp. 16-7.</ref>  It seems that ''Orion'' was the only capital ship in the Royal Navy to have a director for a 4-in secondary battery.
+
In October 1913, it was decided that the 4-in mountings should also have buzzers for their firing circuits.{{AWO1913|569 of 17 Oct, 1913}}
  
−
In late 1914, it was decided that ''Orion'' should receive one of 22 [[Open Director Sight]]s for her "Q" turret. It was fitted between April 1916 and June 1917.<ref>''The Technical History and Index: Fire Control in HM Ships''. p. 18.</ref>
+
In late 1913, the ship landed a Pattern 873 Zeiss stereo spotting telescope Mark II at Portsmouth in order to take on a Ross model of the same pattern for a three-month comparative evaluation.{{AWO1913|662 of 21 Nov, 1913}}
  
−
==Commanding Officers==
+
In June 1914, the ship was directed to return its [[Waymouth-Cooke Rangefinder]] to the manufacturer to replace the long telescope with a shorter one.{{AWO1914|68 of 26 June 1914}}
−
Dates of appointment given:
 
  
−
*{{CaptRN}} [[Arthur William Craig Waller|Arthur W. Craig]], 9 September, 1911.<ref>Waller Service Record.  The National Archives.  ADM 196/43.  f. 207.</ref>
+
In late July 1914, the ship received one of five [[Waymouth-Cooke Rangefinder]]s purchased for evaluation, possibly of a new model.{{AWO1914|219 of 31 July 1914}}
−
*Captain [[Frederic Charles Dreyer|Frederic C. Dreyer]], 28 October, 1913.<ref>''Navy List'' (December, 1914).  p. 364.</ref>
+
 
−
*Captain [[Oliver Backhouse]], 14 October, 1915.<ref>''Navy List'' (December, 1916).  p. 396''h''.</ref>
+
In late 1914, it was decided that ''Orion'' should receive one of 22 [[Open Director Sight]]s for her "Q" turret.  It was fitted between April 1916 and June 1917.{{FCHMShips|p. 18}}
−
*Captain [[Eric John Arthur Fullerton|Eric J. A. Fullerton]], 14 December 1916.<ref>''Navy List'' (December, 1918).  p. 856.</ref>
+
 
 +
In October 1914, the ship was to be given 2 Pattern 1582 Electric Radiators to warm cabins whose stoves could not be used for heating them.{{AWO1914|512 of 16 Oct, 1914}}
 +
 
 +
In 1915, it was also decided to outfit her 4-in battery with director firing as a test, as resources did not permit wholesale support of the ships with 4-in secondaries.  However, this installation did not actually occur until mid-1918.{{FCHMShips|pp. 16-7}}  It seems that ''Orion'' was the only capital ship in the Royal Navy to have a director for a 4-in secondary battery.
 +
 
 +
==Captains==
 +
Dates of appointment are provided when known.
 +
<div name=fredbot:officeCapt otitle="Captain of H.M.S. ''Orion''">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Arthur Craig Waller|nick=Arthur W. Craig|appt=9 September, 1911<ref>Waller Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43}}.  f. 207.</ref>|ass=22 November, 1911{{NLAug12|p. 351}}|end=28 October, 1913{{NLOct13|p. 351}}{{NLOct15|p. 396''h''}}|precBy=New Command}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Frederic Charles Dreyer|nick=Frederic C. Dreyer|appt=28 October, 1913{{NLOct15|p. 396''h''}}|end=14 October, 1915<ref>Dreyer Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/44.}} f. 353.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Oliver Backhouse|nick=Oliver Backhouse|appt=14 October, 1915{{NLDec16|p. 396''h''}}|end=14 December, 1916<ref>Backhouse Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/44}}.  f. 206.</ref>|note=and as Flag Captain}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Eric John Arthur Fullerton|nick=Eric J. A. Fullerton|appt=14 December, 1916{{NLDec18|p. 856}}|end=12 December, 1918<ref>Fullerton Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/44.}}  f. 518.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Cecil Horace Pilcher|nick=Cecil H. Pilcher|appt=20 December, 1918{{NLFeb19|p. 856}}|end=1 April, 1919}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Robert Arthur Hornell|nick=Robert A. Hornell|appt=1 April, 1919|note=and as Senior Officer, Reserve Fleet, Portland|end=1 April, 1920<ref>Hornell Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/44/435.|D7576628}} f. 437.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}}|name=Alan Dixon|nick=Alan Dixon|appt=1 October, 1920{{INF}}|end=15 October, 1920|note=for passage to Portsmouth}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Alfred Astley Ellison|nick=Alfred A. Ellison|appt=c. April, 1922<ref>Ellison Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|}} f. 516.</ref>|note=''Orion'' as Seagoing Gunnery Training Ship}}
 +
</div name=fredbot:officeCapt>
 +
 
 +
[[Robert Cecil Hamilton]] was alleged to be in command around September, 1920, but the ''Navy Lists'' and his own Service Record do not seem to support this.{{MackieRNW}}
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
−
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Orion_(1910) Wikipedia]
+
{{WP|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Orion_(1910)}}
  
 
==Footnotes==
 
==Footnotes==
Line 93: Line 93:
 
==Bibliography==
 
==Bibliography==
 
{{refbegin}}
 
{{refbegin}}
−
*{{BibDittmarColledge}}
+
*{{UKDockyardExpenseAccounts1913}}
−
*{{BibUKFireControlInHMShips1919}}
+
*{{FCHMShips}}
−
*{{BibParkesBritishBattleships}}
+
*{{DittColl}}
 +
*{{UKNavalOpsI}}
 +
*{{ParkesBritishBattleships}}
 
{{refend}}
 
{{refend}}
  
−
[[Category:Ship]]
+
{{Footer Orion Class Battleship (1910)}}
 +
 
 +
{{DEFAULTSORT:Orion}}
  
−
{{Orion Class (1910)}}
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{{CatShipDreadnought|UK}}

Latest revision as of 12:27, 9 June 2022

H.M.S. Orion (1910)
Pendant Number: 52 (1914)
91 (Jan 1918)
86 (Apr 1918)[1]
Builder: Portsmouth Royal Dockyard[2]
Ordered: 1909 Programme[3]
Laid down: 29 Nov, 1909[4]
Launched: 20 Aug, 1910[5]
Completed: 29 Dec, 1911[6]
Commissioned: 2 Jan, 1912
Sold: 19 Dec, 1922[7]
Fate: Scrapped
First cost: £1,711,652[8]

Service

H.M.S. Orion was one of eight armoured vessels authorised in 1909 and one of four Orion Class Battleships and was built at Portsmouth Royal Dockyard.[9] She was laid down on 29 November 1909 and launched on 20 August 1910.[10][11] She had a displacement of 22,500 tons and was the first vessel to be mounted with a 13.5-inch Mk II mountings for her main battery guns.[9][12]

Her acceptance trial was concluded on 25 November, 1911.[9] A few weeks later on 12 December, eighteen officers and men were injured when an explosion occurred onboard while Orion was at Portsmouth.[9]

On 1 January, 1912 the old battleship Revenge, which was a tender to Excellent, broke free from her moorings and drifted across Portsmouth Harbour to strike Orion. Her drift had been slowed by anchors let go, and so Orion escaped damage. Even so, the precautionary docking of the new ship would delay her joining the Home Fleet as the new second flagship.[13]

Orion joined the Second Battle Squadron, and would act as the formation's flagship from December, 1913 or earlier. She would remain with this formation through the entirety of the Great War.

Orion was recommissioned at Devonport on 4 February, 1914.[14]

Commander Julian F. C. Patterson served as the ship's gunnery officer from 1914 through 1917.

In 24-25 August 1915, Orion won the Second Battle Squadron Pulling Regatta at Scapa. Dreyer rowed in boats that proved victorious in the Officers' Cutter Race and the Officers' Veterans Skiff Race. The ship also won the 2BS Sailing Regatta held on 23 September.[15]

Jutland

Main article: H.M.S. Orion at the Battle of Jutland

Post-War

When the Fleet was reorganized in May 1919, Orion was transferred to the Third Battle Squadron, acting as that formation's second flagship.[16]

Orion recommissioned at Portland on 1 October, 1920.[17]

On 19 December 1922, Orion was decommissioned and sold off.[18]

Radio

By the end of 1913, she and the rest of the Second Battle Squadron were all equipped with Battleship Auxiliary W/T sets.[19]

Boats

In July 1914, the ship was appropriated 42-foot motor launch No. 263, though the boat was not yet delivered from the contractor.[20]

Secondary Battery

Orion differed from her sisters in using a P. IV* mounting (as in the Colossus class) rather than a P. II* mounting for her sixteen 4-in guns. Their details can be found here. She may have been fitted with a director system for these by mid/late 1917 — a tweak that was not as easily offered her nominal sisters with their older mountings.[21]

Torpedoes

The ships had three 21-in submerged torpedo tubes. Orion's broadside tubes were angled at 90 degrees, unlike her sisters, whose were angled 10 degrees in advance of the beam.[22]

Searchlights

In late 1913, two 24-in Automatic Motor Lamps manufactured by Messrs. Clarke, Chapman & Co. Ltd., a model which had recently been trialled in Vernon, were to be installed in the ship at Devonport Royal Dockyard for a three-month trial.[23]

Alterations

In 1913, Orion was slated as part of the seventeen ship order to receive a director for her main battery. It was fitted in late April or early May, 1915 during a weeklong refit in Devonport, and the wiring was completed in May at Scapa Flow. Very soon thereafter, a test of six half salvoes in Scapa demonstrated mean patterns of 200 yards at 12,000 yards.[24][25][26]

In October 1913, it was decided that the 4-in mountings should also have buzzers for their firing circuits.[27]

In late 1913, the ship landed a Pattern 873 Zeiss stereo spotting telescope Mark II at Portsmouth in order to take on a Ross model of the same pattern for a three-month comparative evaluation.[28]

In June 1914, the ship was directed to return its Waymouth-Cooke Rangefinder to the manufacturer to replace the long telescope with a shorter one.[29]

In late July 1914, the ship received one of five Waymouth-Cooke Rangefinders purchased for evaluation, possibly of a new model.[30]

In late 1914, it was decided that Orion should receive one of 22 Open Director Sights for her "Q" turret. It was fitted between April 1916 and June 1917.[31]

In October 1914, the ship was to be given 2 Pattern 1582 Electric Radiators to warm cabins whose stoves could not be used for heating them.[32]

In 1915, it was also decided to outfit her 4-in battery with director firing as a test, as resources did not permit wholesale support of the ships with 4-in secondaries. However, this installation did not actually occur until mid-1918.[33] It seems that Orion was the only capital ship in the Royal Navy to have a director for a 4-in secondary battery.

Captains

Dates of appointment are provided when known.

Robert Cecil Hamilton was alleged to be in command around September, 1920, but the Navy Lists and his own Service Record do not seem to support this.[46]

See Also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Dittmar; Colledge. British Warships 1914–1919. p. 33.
  2. ↑ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. p. 28.
  3. ↑ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. p. 28.
  4. ↑ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. p. 28.
  5. ↑ Dittmar; Colledge. British Warships 1914–1919. p. 33.
  6. ↑ Navy (Dockyard Expense Accounts). 1913–1914. p. 29.
  7. ↑ Dittmar; Colledge. British Warships 1914–1919. p. 33.
  8. ↑ Navy (Dockyard Expense Accounts). 1913–1914. p. 137.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Explosion at the Orion. The Times (London, England), Wednesday, Dec 13, 1911; pg. 7; Issue 39767.
  10. ↑ Dittmar; Colledge. British Warships 1914–1919. p. 33.
  11. ↑ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. p. 28.
  12. ↑ Hodges. The Big Gun. p. 62.
  13. ↑ "The Orion in Collision." The Times (London, England), 8 Jan. 1912, p. 10.
  14. ↑ The Navy List. (April, 1914). p. 352.
  15. ↑ Dreyer. The Sea Heritage. p. 95.
  16. ↑ Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (May, 1919). p. 12.
  17. ↑ The Navy List. (January, 1921). p. 818.
  18. ↑ Dittmar; Colledge. British Warships 1914–1919. p. 33.
  19. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1913. W/T Appendix, p. 13.
  20. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 122 of 10 July, 1914.
  21. ↑ The Director Firing Handbook. p. 145.
  22. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1917. p. 190.
  23. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 702 of 5 Dec, 1913.
  24. ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 3, Part 23. pp. 9-10.
  25. ↑ Dreyer. The Sea Heritage. pp. 94-95.
  26. ↑ Burt. British Battleships of World War One. p. 140.
  27. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 569 of 17 Oct, 1913.
  28. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 662 of 21 Nov, 1913.
  29. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 68 of 26 June 1914.
  30. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 219 of 31 July 1914.
  31. ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 3, Part 23. p. 18.
  32. ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 512 of 16 Oct, 1914.
  33. ↑ The Technical History and Index, Vol. 3, Part 23. pp. 16-7.
  34. ↑ Waller Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 207.
  35. ↑ The Navy List. (October, 1913). p. 351.
  36. ↑ The Navy List. (October, 1915). p. 396h.
  37. ↑ The Navy List. (October, 1915). p. 396h.
  38. ↑ Dreyer Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 353.
  39. ↑ The Navy List. (December, 1916). p. 396h.
  40. ↑ Backhouse Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 206.
  41. ↑ The Navy List. (December, 1918). p. 856.
  42. ↑ Fullerton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 518.
  43. ↑ The Navy List. (February, 1919). p. 856.
  44. ↑ Hornell Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44/435. f. 437.
  45. ↑ Ellison Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 516.
  46. ↑ Mackie, Colin. ROYAL NAVY WARSHIPS.

Bibliography


Orion Class Dreadnought
  Conqueror Monarch Orion Thunderer  
<– Colossus Class Battleships (UK) King George V Class –>


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