Difference between revisions of "Lion Class Battlecruiser (1910)"
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===Rangefinders=== | ===Rangefinders=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Evershed Bearing Indicators=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | All units were likely fitted with this equipment by late 1914<ref>''Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914'', p. 37.</ref>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The transmitting positions were | ||
| + | * Gun control tower | ||
| + | * Conning tower (transmitters to port and starboard with a local switch to select one in use) | ||
| + | * 'B' turret | ||
| + | * 'X' turret | ||
| + | |||
| + | The protocols for how her crew should handle [[Wooding|wooding]] of the turrets was outlined in the ''Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914''<ref>''Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914'', p. 37.</ref>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Gunnery Control=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The control arrangements were likely as follows<ref>''Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914'', pp. 7-8. (some inferences drawn due to fundamental differences between this design and that of ''Orion'' to which it is likened).</ref>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Control Positions==== | ||
| + | * Fore top | ||
| + | * Main top{{INF}} | ||
| + | * 'A' turret{{INF}} | ||
| + | * 'X' turret{{INF}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | Some ships had C.O.S.s within the control positions so they could be connected to either TS<ref>''Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914'', p. 7.</ref>. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Control Groups==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The four 13.5-in turrets were separate groups, each with a local [[C.O.S.]] so that it could be connected to | ||
| + | * Forward TS | ||
| + | * After TS | ||
| + | * Local control from officer's position within turret | ||
===Directors=== | ===Directors=== | ||
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At some point, the ships were fitted with a cam-type tripod-mounted director in a light aloft tower on the foremast along with a directing gun (in 'Y' turret?)<ref>''The Director Firing Handbook, 1917''. pp. 88, 142.</ref>. The battery was divisible into forward ('A' & 'B') and aft ('Q' & 'Y') groups, and a [[C.O.S.]] in the [[TS]] allowed the following modes of control<ref>''The Director Firing Handbook, 1917''. p. 88.</ref>: | At some point, the ships were fitted with a cam-type tripod-mounted director in a light aloft tower on the foremast along with a directing gun (in 'Y' turret?)<ref>''The Director Firing Handbook, 1917''. pp. 88, 142.</ref>. The battery was divisible into forward ('A' & 'B') and aft ('Q' & 'Y') groups, and a [[C.O.S.]] in the [[TS]] allowed the following modes of control<ref>''The Director Firing Handbook, 1917''. p. 88.</ref>: | ||
| − | + | * All turrets on aloft director | |
| − | + | * All turrets on directing gun | |
| − | + | * Forward group on aloft, aft group on directing gun | |
By 1917, ''Lion'' and ''Princess Royal'' were awaiting fitting of a second tripod-type director aft, at which time they would have been fitted with a 5-way C.O.S., possibly in the manner<ref>''The Director Firing Handbook, 1917''. p. 88.</ref>: | By 1917, ''Lion'' and ''Princess Royal'' were awaiting fitting of a second tripod-type director aft, at which time they would have been fitted with a 5-way C.O.S., possibly in the manner<ref>''The Director Firing Handbook, 1917''. p. 88.</ref>: | ||
| − | + | * All turrets on forward aloft director | |
| − | + | * All turrets on aft director | |
| − | + | * All turrets on directing gun | |
| − | + | * Forward group on forward director, aft group on aft director | |
| − | + | * Forward group on forward director, aft group on directing gun | |
====Secondary Battery==== | ====Secondary Battery==== | ||
Revision as of 15:25, 19 August 2009
Fire Control
Rangefinders
Evershed Bearing Indicators
All units were likely fitted with this equipment by late 1914[1].
The transmitting positions were
- Gun control tower
- Conning tower (transmitters to port and starboard with a local switch to select one in use)
- 'B' turret
- 'X' turret
The protocols for how her crew should handle wooding of the turrets was outlined in the Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914[2].
Gunnery Control
The control arrangements were likely as follows[3].
Control Positions
- Fore top
- Main top[Inference]
- 'A' turret[Inference]
- 'X' turret[Inference]
Some ships had C.O.S.s within the control positions so they could be connected to either TS[4].
Control Groups
The four 13.5-in turrets were separate groups, each with a local C.O.S. so that it could be connected to
- Forward TS
- After TS
- Local control from officer's position within turret
Directors
Main Battery
At some point, the ships were fitted with a cam-type tripod-mounted director in a light aloft tower on the foremast along with a directing gun (in 'Y' turret?)[5]. The battery was divisible into forward ('A' & 'B') and aft ('Q' & 'Y') groups, and a C.O.S. in the TS allowed the following modes of control[6]:
- All turrets on aloft director
- All turrets on directing gun
- Forward group on aloft, aft group on directing gun
By 1917, Lion and Princess Royal were awaiting fitting of a second tripod-type director aft, at which time they would have been fitted with a 5-way C.O.S., possibly in the manner[7]:
- All turrets on forward aloft director
- All turrets on aft director
- All turrets on directing gun
- Forward group on forward director, aft group on aft director
- Forward group on forward director, aft group on directing gun
Secondary Battery
The 4-in broadside guns are not listed as ever having had directors installed[8].
Torpedo Control
Transmitting Stations
Like most previous large British ships of the era, Lion and Princess Royal had 2 TSs, but Queen Mary established the new pattern of using a single TS[9].
Dreyer Table
At the Battle of Jutland, Lion and Princess Royal carried Mark III Dreyer tables[10], while Queen Mary was using a Mark II Dreyer table when she was destroyed[11][12].
By 1917, Lion and Princess Royal had been upgraded to a Mark IV* Dreyer table, but had no Turret Control Tables[13].
Shipwide Network
Vickers F.T.P. Mark III instruments sent range and deflection data to gun sights, and Barr and Stroud (probably Mark II*[Inference]) instruments used elsewhere[14].
Gun Ready signals mounted in the TS(s) and control positions indicated which which guns were ready[15].
Lion and Princess Royal also had Target Visible signals mounted in their TSs and control positions to indicated which turrets could see the target. Queen Mary and later ships lacked this equipment[16].
See Also
Footnotes
- ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914, p. 37.
- ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914, p. 37.
- ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914, pp. 7-8. (some inferences drawn due to fundamental differences between this design and that of Orion to which it is likened).
- ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914, p. 7.
- ↑ The Director Firing Handbook, 1917. pp. 88, 142.
- ↑ The Director Firing Handbook, 1917. p. 88.
- ↑ The Director Firing Handbook, 1917. p. 88.
- ↑ The Director Firing Handbook, 1917. pp. 143.
- ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914, pp. 6-7.
- ↑ Brooks, John. Dreadnought Gunnery and the Battle of Jutland, p. 8.
- ↑ Sumida, Jon. In Defence of Naval Supremacy, p. 252.
- ↑ Brooks, John. Dreadnought Gunnery and the Battle of Jutland, p. 166.
- ↑ Handbook of Capt. F.C. Dreyer's Fire Control Tables, p. 3.
- ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914, pp. 72.
- ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914, p. 11.
- ↑ Handbook for Fire Control Instruments, 1914, p. 11.
Bibliography
Template:BibUKDirectorFiringHandbook1917 Template:BibUKDreyerTableHandbook1918 Template:BibSumidaIDNS Template:BibBrooksDreadnoughtGunnery
