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[[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] {{SIR}} '''John Michael de Robeck''', First Baronet, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., Royal Navy (10 June, 1862 – 20 January, 1928) was an officer of the [[Royal Navy]] during the [[First World War]].  He is perhaps most notable for his command of the [[Eastern Mediterranean Squadron (Royal Navy)|Eastern Mediterranean Squadron]] during the abortive attempts to force the Dardanelles in 1915.  He later commanded a [[Second Battle Squadron (Royal navy)|Battle Squadron]] in the [[Grand Fleet]], and after the war ended held the commands of the Mediterranean and Atlantic Fleets.
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[[File:De Robeck, NPG x122196.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Admiral of the Fleet Sir John M. de Robeck, Bart., 1923.<br><small>© National Portrait Gallery, London.</small>]]
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[[Admiral of the Fleet (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] {{SIR}} '''John Michael de Robeck, First Baronet''', G.C.B., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., R.N. (10 June, 1862 &ndash; 20 January, 1928) was an officer of the [[Royal Navy]] during the [[First World War]].  He is perhaps most notable for his command of the [[Eastern Mediterranean Squadron (Royal Navy)|Eastern Mediterranean Squadron]] during the abortive attempts to force the Dardanelles in 1915.  He later commanded a [[Second Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)|battle squadron]] in the [[Grand Fleet]], and after the war ended held the commands of the Mediterranean and Atlantic Fleets.
  
 
==Early Life & Career==
 
==Early Life & Career==
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De Robeck was promoted to the rank of {{LieutRN}} on 30 September, 1885.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/25516/pages/4599 no. 25516.  p. 4599.]  2 October, 1885.</ref>
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De Robeck was promoted to the rank of {{LieutRN}} on 30 September, 1885.{{Gaz|25516|4599|2 October, 1885}}
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De Robeck was promoted to the rank of {{CommRN}} on 22 June, 1897.{{Gaz|26865|3443|22 June, 1897}}
  
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De Robeck was promoted to the rank of {{CommRN}} on 22 June, 1897.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/26865/pages/3443 no. 26865.  p. 3443.]  22 June, 1897.</ref>
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In mid-1899, he was in command of the {{UK-Angler|f=t}} and commanding the destroyers of the [[Chatham Flotilla]].{{ARTS1899|p. 63}}
  
 
==Captain==
 
==Captain==
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De Robeck was promoted to the rank of {{CaptRN}} on 1 January, 1902.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27393/pages/3 no. 27393.  p. 3.]  3 January, 1902.</ref>
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De Robeck was promoted to the rank of {{CaptRN}} on 1 January, 1902.{{Gaz|27393|3|3 January, 1902}}
  
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He was appointed command of the battleship [[H.M.S. Dominion (1903)|''Dominion'']] on 25 January, 1908.<ref>''Navy List'' (October, 1908).  p. 301.</ref>
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He was appointed Captain of the {{UK-Carnarvon|f=t}} in August 1906.
 +
 
 +
He was appointed in command of the battleship {{UK-Dominion}} on 25 January, 1908.{{NLOct08|p. 301}}
  
 
==Flag Rank==
 
==Flag Rank==
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De Robeck was promoted to the rank of {{RearRN}} on 1 December, 1911, vice [[Herbert Whitmore Savory|Savory]].<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28562/pages/9446 no. 28562.  p. 9446.]  15 December, 1911.</ref>
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De Robeck was promoted to the rank of {{RearRN}} on 1 December, 1911, vice [[Herbert Whitmore Savory|Savory]].{{Gaz|28562|9446|15 December, 1911}}
  
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He struck his flag in the [[H.M.S. Aboukir (1900)|''Aboukir'']] at Chatham on 26 July, 1914.<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Monday, 27 July, 1914.  Issue '''40586''', col B, pg. 4.</ref>
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He struck his flag in the [[H.M.S. Aboukir (1900)|''Aboukir'']] at Chatham on 26 July, 1914.<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Monday, 27 July, 1914.  Issue '''40586''', col B, p. 4.</ref>
  
 
==Great War==
 
==Great War==
 
He hoisted his flag in the [[H.M.S. Amphitrite (1898)|''Amphitrite'']].   
 
He hoisted his flag in the [[H.M.S. Amphitrite (1898)|''Amphitrite'']].   
  
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On 1 January, 1916, he was appointed an Additional Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (K.C.B.).<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/29423/supplements/80 (Supplement) no. 29423.  p. 80.]  31 December, 1915.</ref>
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On 1 January, 1916, he was appointed an Additional Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (K.C.B.).{{GazSup|29423|80|31 December, 1915}}
  
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He was confirmed in the rank of Vice-Admiral on 17 May, 1917, vice [[Frederick Charles Doveton Sturdee, First Baronet|Sturdee]].<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30084/pages/4942 no. 30084.  p. 4942.]  22 May, 1917.</ref>
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He was confirmed in the rank of Vice-Admiral on 17 May, 1917, vice [[Frederick Charles Doveton Sturdee, First Baronet|Sturdee]].{{Gaz|30084|4942|22 May, 1917}}
  
 
==Post-War & Retirement==
 
==Post-War & Retirement==
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On 24 March, 1920, he was promoted to the rank of {{AdmRN}}, vice [[William Lowther Grant|Grant]].<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/3186/pages/4474 no. 3186.  p. 4474.]  16 April, 1920.</ref>
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On 24 March, 1920, he was promoted to the rank of {{AdmRN}}, vice [[William Lowther Grant|Grant]].{{Gaz|3186|4474|16 April, 1920}}
  
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He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the First Class, or Knight Grand Cross, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (G.C.B.) on 1 January, 1921.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/32178/supplements/4 (Supplement) no. 32178.  p. 4.]  1 January, 1921.</ref>
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He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the First Class, or Knight Grand Cross, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (G.C.B.) on 1 January, 1921.{{GazSup|32178|4|1 January, 1921}}
  
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He was advanced to the rank of {{FleetRN}} on 24 November, 1925, vice [[Cecil Burney, First Baronet|Burney]].<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33110/pages/7950 no. 33110.  p. 7950.]  1 December, 1925.</ref>
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He was advanced to the rank of {{FleetRN}} on 24 November, 1925, vice [[Cecil Burney, First Baronet|Burney]].{{Gaz|33110|7950|1 December, 1925}}
  
 
There is a portrait-drawing of de Robeck by Francis Dodd in the Imperial War Museum, South Kensington.
 
There is a portrait-drawing of de Robeck by Francis Dodd in the Imperial War Museum, South Kensington.
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==Footnotes==
 
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{{reflist}}
 
  
 
==Bibliography==
 
==Bibliography==
 
{{refbegin}}
 
{{refbegin}}
−
*"Sir John de Robeck" (Obituaries).  ''The Times''.  Saturday, 21 January, 1928.  Issue '''44796''', col B, pg. 12.
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*"Sir John de Robeck" (Obituaries).  ''The Times''.  Saturday, 21 January, 1928.  Issue '''44796''', col B, p. 12.
 
{{refend}}
 
{{refend}}
  
Line 47: Line 50:
 
==Service Records==
 
==Service Records==
 
{{refbegin}}
 
{{refbegin}}
−
*The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=8556768&queryType=1&resultcount=5 ADM 196/87.]
+
*{{TNA|ADM 196/87.|D8115362}}
−
*The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7917545&queryType=1&resultcount=4 ADM 196/42.]
+
*{{TNA|ADM 196/42.|D8112172}}
−
*The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7906069&queryType=1&resultcount=4 ADM 196/20.]
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*{{TNA|ADM 196/20.|D7590592}}
 
{{refend}}
 
{{refend}}
  
−
 
+
<div name=fredbot:appts>{{TabApptsBegin}}
−
{{TabAppts}} 
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{{TabNaval}}
−
<!-- EDITORS:  uncomment and alter second line as: office, predecessor, tenure, successor, e.g. |[[First Sea Lord]]|[[Joe Blow]]|Jan 1912 &ndash; 1914|Office abolished
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M. T.B. 86 (1889)|Captain of H.M. T.B. 86]]'''<br>22 Jul, 1890<ref>"Naval Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Friday, 19 July, 1890.  Issue '''33068''', col C, p. 12.</ref> &ndash; 21 Aug, 1890<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}} f. 346.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[John Derwent Allen|John D. Allen]]'''}}
−
{{Appt
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[William Fane De Salis|William F. De Salis]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Haughty (1895)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Haughty'']]'''<br>20 Nov, 1897<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Marcus Rowley Hill|Marcus R. Hill]]'''}}
−
|
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''New Command'''|'''[[H.M.S. Angler (1897)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Angler'']]'''<br>20 Nov, 1897{{NLOct98|p. 224}}|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Charles Tibbits|Charles Tibbits]]'''}}
−
}}
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[William Fane De Salis|William F. De Salis]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Desperate (1896)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Desperate'']]'''<br>before 9 Mar, 1898{{NMI|8 Oct. 1897, p. 9}} &ndash; 1898|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cuthbert Godfrey Chapman|Cuthbert G. Chapman]]'''}}
−
-->
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M.S. Mermaid (1898)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Mermaid'']]'''<br>? &ndash; 28 Nov, 1899<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Mark Edward Frederic Kerr|Mark E. F. Kerr]]'''}}
−
<!-- EDITORS:  uncomment and alter second line as: bare ship title, predecessor, tenure, successor, e.g. |[[H.M.S. Dreadnought (1906)|[[Joe Blow]]|Jan 1912 &ndash; Mar 1914|[[Jack Blow]]
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{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M.S. Pyramus (1897)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Pyramus'']]'''<br>1 Jun, 1900<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}}  f. 64/128.</ref>{{NLJan01|p. 296}} &ndash; 1901{{NLJan01|p. 296}}<ref>Grant Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.|}} f. 31.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Alfred Ernest Albert Grant|Alfred E. A. Grant]]'''}}
−
{{ApptCapt
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Edward Stanley Adeane|Edward S. Adeane]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Warrior (1860)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Warrior'']]'''<br>16 Jul, 1902<ref>De Robeck Service Record ADM 196/42.</ref> &ndash; 30 May, 1903<ref>De Robeck Service Record ADM 196/42.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''?'''}}
−
|
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Frederick Fogarty Fegen|Frederick F. Fegen]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Leander (1882)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Leander'']]'''<br>21 Jan, 1904<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}}  f. 64/128.</ref> &ndash; 1 Jun, 1904<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}}  f. 64/128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Seymour Elphinstone Erskine|Seymour E. Erskine]]'''}}
−
}}
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[George John Scott Warrender, Seventh Baronet|Sir George J. S. Warrender, Bart.]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Carnarvon (1903)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Carnarvon'']]'''<br>1 Aug, 1906{{NLJan08|p. 291}}<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref> &ndash; 25 Jan, 1908<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Robert John Prendergast|Robert J. Prendergast]]'''}}
−
-->
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Arthur Thomas Stuart|Arthur T. Stuart]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Dominion (1903)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Dominion'']]'''<br>25 Jan, 1908{{NLJan10|p. 301}}<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref> &ndash; 25 Jan, 1910<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Morgan Singer|Morgan Singer]]'''}}
−
 
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Herbert Whitmore Savory|Herbert W. Savory]]'''|'''[[Training Service (Royal Navy)|Inspecting Captain of Boys' Training Ships]]'''<br>15 Feb, 1911<ref>"Naval Appointments" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 11 January, 1911.  Issue '''39496''', col B, p. 8.</ref> &ndash; 21 Dec, 1911<ref>de Robeck service record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Edmund Radcliffe Pears|Edmund R. Pears]]'''<br><small>as '''Inspecting Captain of Boys' Training Establishments'''</small>}}
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''New Position'''
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''New Appointment'''|'''[[Admiral of Patrols|Admiral of Patrols]]'''<br>8 Apr, 1912<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref> &ndash; 1 May, 1914<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[George Alexander Ballard|George A. Ballard]]'''}}
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| '''[[Admiral of Patrols]]'''<br>1912 &ndash; 1914
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[Eighth Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral Commanding, Eighth Cruiser Squadron]]'''<br>26 Jul, 1914<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Monday, 27 July, 1914.  Issue '''40586''', col B, p. 4.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''?'''}}
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[George Alexander Ballard|George A. Ballard]]'''
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''New Command'''|'''[[Ninth Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral Commanding, Cruiser Force I]]'''<br>1 Aug, 1914{{SMNLSep14|p. 5}} &ndash; 7 Feb, 1915<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Archibald Gordon Henry Wilson Moore|Sir A. Gordon H. W. Moore]]'''<br><small>as '''Rear-Admiral Commanding, Ninth Cruiser Squadron'''</small>}}
−
|-
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Sackville Hamilton Carden|Sackville H. Carden]]'''|'''[[Eastern Mediterranean Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding, Eastern Mediterranean Squadron]]'''<br>17 Mar, 1915{{UKCeased|f. 32}} &ndash; 19 Jun, 1916<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cecil Fiennes Thursby|Sir Cecil F. Thursby]]'''}}
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''New Command'''
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Edward Eden Bradford|Sir Edward E. Bradford]]'''|'''[[Third Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding, Third Battle Squadron]]'''<br>19 Jul, 1916{{UKCeased|p. 4}} &ndash; 1 Dec, 1916|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Herbert Leopold Heath|Sir Herbert L. Heath]]'''}}
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Ninth Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)|Rear-Admiral Commanding, Cruiser Force I]]'''<br>1914 &ndash; 1915
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Thomas Henry Martyn Jerram|Sir T. H. Martyn Jerram]]'''|'''[[Second Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding, Second Battle Squadron]]'''<br>3 Dec, 1916{{UKCeased|f. 3}} &ndash; 22 Mar, 1919<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Francis Oliver|Sir Henry F. Oliver]]'''}}
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Archibald Gordon Henry Wilson Moore|Sir A. Gordon H. W. Moore]]'''
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe|The Hon. Sir Somerset A. Gough-Calthorpe]]'''|'''[[Mediterranean Station|Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Station]]'''<br>26 Jul, 1919{{UKCeased|p. 32}} &ndash; 15 May, 1922<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 285.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Osmond de Beauvoir Brock|Sir Osmond de B. Brock]]'''}}
−
|-
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Sir Charles E. Madden]]'''|'''[[Atlantic Fleet (Royal Navy)|Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet]]'''<br>15 Aug, 1922<ref>"Flag Command Changes" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 21 December, 1921.  Issue '''42909''', col D, p. 14.</ref> &ndash; 15 Aug, 1924<ref>de Robeck Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 285.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Francis Oliver|Sir Henry F. Oliver]]'''}}
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Sackville Hamilton Carden|Sackville H. Carden]]'''
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Eastern Mediterranean Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding,<br>Eastern Mediterranean Squadron]]'''<br>1915 &ndash; 1916
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Cecil Fiennes Thursby|Sir Cecil F. Thursby]]'''
+
−
|-
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Edward Eden Bradford|Sir Edward E. Bradford]]'''
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Third Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding,<br>Third Battle Squadron]]'''<br>1916
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Herbert Leopold Heath|Herbert L. Heath]]'''
+
−
|-
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Thomas Henry Martyn Jerram|Sir T. H. Martyn Jerram]]'''
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Second Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)|Vice-Admiral Commanding, Second Battle Squadron]]'''<br>1916 &ndash; 1919
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Francis Oliver|Sir Henry F. Oliver]]'''
+
−
|-
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe|The Hon. Sir Somerset A. Gough-Calthorpe]]'''
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Mediterranean Station|Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean]]'''<br>1919 &ndash; 1922
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Osmond de Beauvoir Brock|Sir Osmond de B. Brock]]'''
+
−
|-
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| Preceded by<br>'''[[Charles Edward Madden, First Baronet|Sir Charles E. Madden, Bart.]]'''
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;"  align="center"| '''[[Atlantic Fleet (Royal Navy)|Commander-in-Chief,<br>Atlantic Fleet]]'''<br>1922 &ndash; 1924
+
−
| width="220" style="border-bottom:1px solid grey;" align="center"| Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Francis Oliver|Sir Henry F. Oliver]]'''
+
−
|-
+
 
{{TabEnd}}
 
{{TabEnd}}
 +
</div name=fredbot:appts>
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 +
==Footnotes==
 +
{{reflist}}
  
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{{DEFAULTSORT:De Robeck, John}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:De Robeck, John Michael}}
  
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[[Category:1862 births]]
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{{CatPerson|UK|1862|1928}}
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[[Category:1928 deaths]]
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{{CatBritannia|July, 1875}}
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[[Category:Personalities]]
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{{CatAdmOfTheFleet|UK}}
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[[Category:H.M.S. Britannia (Training Ship) Entrants of July, 1875]]
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[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath]]
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[[Category:Captains of H.M.S. Dominion (1903)]]
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[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]]
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[[Category:Inspecting Captains of Boys' Training Ships|De Robeck]]
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[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
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[[Category:Admirals of Patrols]]  
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{{CatRN}}
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[[Category:Rear-Admirals Commanding, Ninth Cruiser Squadron (Royal Navy)]]
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[[Category:Vice-Admirals Commanding, Eastern Mediterranean Squadron (Royal Navy)]]
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[[Category:Vice-Admirals Commanding, Third Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)]]
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[[Category:Vice-Admirals Commanding, Second Battle Squadron (Royal Navy)]]
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[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet (Royal Navy)]]
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[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet (Royal Navy)]]
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[[Category:Royal Navy Admirals of the Fleet]]
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[[Category:Royal Navy Flag Officers]]
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Latest revision as of 18:42, 6 April 2022

Admiral of the Fleet Sir John M. de Robeck, Bart., 1923.
© National Portrait Gallery, London.

Admiral SIR John Michael de Robeck, First Baronet, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., G.C.V.O., R.N. (10 June, 1862 – 20 January, 1928) was an officer of the Royal Navy during the First World War. He is perhaps most notable for his command of the Eastern Mediterranean Squadron during the abortive attempts to force the Dardanelles in 1915. He later commanded a battle squadron in the Grand Fleet, and after the war ended held the commands of the Mediterranean and Atlantic Fleets.

Early Life & Career

De Robeck was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 30 September, 1885.[1]

De Robeck was promoted to the rank of Commander on 22 June, 1897.[2]

In mid-1899, he was in command of the destroyer Angler and commanding the destroyers of the Chatham Flotilla.[3]

Captain

De Robeck was promoted to the rank of Captain on 1 January, 1902.[4]

He was appointed Captain of the armoured cruiser Carnarvon in August 1906.

He was appointed in command of the battleship Dominion on 25 January, 1908.[5]

Flag Rank

De Robeck was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral on 1 December, 1911, vice Savory.[6]

He struck his flag in the Aboukir at Chatham on 26 July, 1914.[7]

Great War

He hoisted his flag in the Amphitrite.

On 1 January, 1916, he was appointed an Additional Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (K.C.B.).[8]

He was confirmed in the rank of Vice-Admiral on 17 May, 1917, vice Sturdee.[9]

Post-War & Retirement

On 24 March, 1920, he was promoted to the rank of Admiral, vice Grant.[10]

He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the First Class, or Knight Grand Cross, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (G.C.B.) on 1 January, 1921.[11]

He was advanced to the rank of Admiral of the Fleet on 24 November, 1925, vice Burney.[12]

There is a portrait-drawing of de Robeck by Francis Dodd in the Imperial War Museum, South Kensington.

Bibliography

  • "Sir John de Robeck" (Obituaries). The Times. Saturday, 21 January, 1928. Issue 44796, col B, p. 12.

Papers

Service Records

Naval Appointments
Preceded by
? 		Captain of H.M. T.B. 86
22 Jul, 1890[13] – 21 Aug, 1890[14] 		Succeeded by
John D. Allen
Preceded by
William F. De Salis 		Captain of H.M.S. Haughty
20 Nov, 1897[15] 		Succeeded by
Marcus R. Hill
Preceded by
New Command 		Captain of H.M.S. Angler
20 Nov, 1897[16] 		Succeeded by
Charles Tibbits
Preceded by
William F. De Salis 		Captain of H.M.S. Desperate
before 9 Mar, 1898[17] – 1898 		Succeeded by
Cuthbert G. Chapman
Preceded by
? 		Captain of H.M.S. Mermaid
? – 28 Nov, 1899[18] 		Succeeded by
Mark E. F. Kerr
Preceded by
? 		Captain of H.M.S. Pyramus
1 Jun, 1900[19][20] – 1901[21][22] 		Succeeded by
Alfred E. A. Grant
Preceded by
Edward S. Adeane 		Captain of H.M.S. Warrior
16 Jul, 1902[23] – 30 May, 1903[24] 		Succeeded by
?
Preceded by
Frederick F. Fegen 		Captain of H.M.S. Leander
21 Jan, 1904[25] – 1 Jun, 1904[26] 		Succeeded by
Seymour E. Erskine
Preceded by
Sir George J. S. Warrender, Bart. 		Captain of H.M.S. Carnarvon
1 Aug, 1906[27][28] – 25 Jan, 1908[29] 		Succeeded by
Robert J. Prendergast
Preceded by
Arthur T. Stuart 		Captain of H.M.S. Dominion
25 Jan, 1908[30][31] – 25 Jan, 1910[32] 		Succeeded by
Morgan Singer
Preceded by
Herbert W. Savory 		Inspecting Captain of Boys' Training Ships
15 Feb, 1911[33] – 21 Dec, 1911[34] 		Succeeded by
Edmund R. Pears
as Inspecting Captain of Boys' Training Establishments
Preceded by
New Appointment 		Admiral of Patrols
8 Apr, 1912[35] – 1 May, 1914[36] 		Succeeded by
George A. Ballard
Preceded by
? 		Rear-Admiral Commanding, Eighth Cruiser Squadron
26 Jul, 1914[37] 		Succeeded by
?
Preceded by
New Command 		Rear-Admiral Commanding, Cruiser Force I
1 Aug, 1914[38] – 7 Feb, 1915[39] 		Succeeded by
Sir A. Gordon H. W. Moore
as Rear-Admiral Commanding, Ninth Cruiser Squadron
Preceded by
Sackville H. Carden 		Vice-Admiral Commanding, Eastern Mediterranean Squadron
17 Mar, 1915[40] – 19 Jun, 1916[41] 		Succeeded by
Sir Cecil F. Thursby
Preceded by
Sir Edward E. Bradford 		Vice-Admiral Commanding, Third Battle Squadron
19 Jul, 1916[42] – 1 Dec, 1916 		Succeeded by
Sir Herbert L. Heath
Preceded by
Sir T. H. Martyn Jerram 		Vice-Admiral Commanding, Second Battle Squadron
3 Dec, 1916[43] – 22 Mar, 1919[44] 		Succeeded by
Sir Henry F. Oliver
Preceded by
The Hon. Sir Somerset A. Gough-Calthorpe 		Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Station
26 Jul, 1919[45] – 15 May, 1922[46] 		Succeeded by
Sir Osmond de B. Brock
Preceded by
Sir Charles E. Madden 		Commander-in-Chief, Atlantic Fleet
15 Aug, 1922[47] – 15 Aug, 1924[48] 		Succeeded by
Sir Henry F. Oliver

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25516. p. 4599. 2 October, 1885.
  2. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26865. p. 3443. 22 June, 1897.
  3. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1899. p. 63.
  4. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27393. p. 3. 3 January, 1902.
  5. ↑ The Navy List. (October, 1908). p. 301.
  6. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 28562. p. 9446. 15 December, 1911.
  7. ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Monday, 27 July, 1914. Issue 40586, col B, p. 4.
  8. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 29423. p. 80. 31 December, 1915.
  9. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 30084. p. 4942. 22 May, 1917.
  10. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 3186. p. 4474. 16 April, 1920.
  11. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 32178. p. 4. 1 January, 1921.
  12. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33110. p. 7950. 1 December, 1925.
  13. ↑ "Naval Intelligence". The Times. Friday, 19 July, 1890. Issue 33068, col C, p. 12.
  14. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/20. f. 346.
  15. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  16. ↑ The Navy List. (October, 1898). p. 224.
  17. ↑ "Naval & Military Intelligence." The Times (London, England), 8 Oct. 1897, p. 9.
  18. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  19. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 64/128.
  20. ↑ The Navy List. (January, 1901). p. 296.
  21. ↑ The Navy List. (January, 1901). p. 296.
  22. ↑ Grant Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 31.
  23. ↑ De Robeck Service Record ADM 196/42.
  24. ↑ De Robeck Service Record ADM 196/42.
  25. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 64/128.
  26. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 64/128.
  27. ↑ The Navy List. (January, 1908). p. 291.
  28. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  29. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  30. ↑ The Navy List. (January, 1910). p. 301.
  31. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  32. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  33. ↑ "Naval Appointments" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Tuesday, 11 January, 1911. Issue 39496, col B, p. 8.
  34. ↑ de Robeck service record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  35. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  36. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  37. ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Monday, 27 July, 1914. Issue 40586, col B, p. 4.
  38. ↑ Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (September 1914). p. 5.
  39. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  40. ↑ Squadrons and Senior Naval Officers in Existence on 11th November, 1918. f. 32.
  41. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  42. ↑ Squadrons and Senior Naval Officers in Existence on 11th November, 1918. p. 4.
  43. ↑ Squadrons and Senior Naval Officers in Existence on 11th November, 1918. f. 3.
  44. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  45. ↑ Squadrons and Senior Naval Officers in Existence on 11th November, 1918. p. 32.
  46. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 285.
  47. ↑ "Flag Command Changes" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Wednesday, 21 December, 1921. Issue 42909, col D, p. 14.
  48. ↑ de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 285.

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