Difference between revisions of "John Edmund Commerell"

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John Edmund Commerell was born in London on 13 January, 1829, the second son of John William Commerell of Strood Park, Horsham, by his wife Sophia, daughter of William Bosanquet.  Entering the navy in February, 1842, he was at once sent out to China and initiated in the realities of war.  Later on he was in the ''Firebrand'' with Captain (afterwards Sir) James Hope, and took part in the several operations in the ''Parana'', including the engagement with the batteries at Obligado on 20 November, 1845, when the chain was cut by the boats of the ''Firebrand''.  As lieutenant of the ''Vulture'' he was in the Baltic in 1854, and took part in the operations in the Gulf of Bothnia, the next year in the Black Sea and Sea of Azoff, and on 29 September was promoted to be commander of the ''Weser'', gun vessel, employed in the Sea of Azoff.  A few days later, on 11 October, he landed with a small party, made a hazardous march inland, and set fire to a large store of forage and corn.  The service was both important and dangerous, in acknowledgement of which the Victoria Cross was given to Commerell and two seamen of his party.  On 3 April, 1858, he was awarded the fifth class of the Turkish Imperial Order of the Medjidie.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/22122/pages/1736 no. 22122.  p. 1736.]  3 April, 1858.</ref>  In 1859 he was in China in the ''Fury'', and commanded a division of the seamen landed for the unsuccessful attack on the Taku forts.  Although repulsed, the determined courage in the face of insurmountable difficulties was everywhere recognised, and Commerell was promoted to the rank of {{CaptRN}}.  In 1866 his services while in command of the ''Terrible'', employed for laying the Atlantic cable, were rewarded with a civil C.B.  In 1869 he commanded the ''Monarch'', which in December carried across the Atlantic the remains of George Peabody.  In 1870 he received the military C.B., and in February, 1871, with a broad pennant in the ''Rattlesnake'', was appointed commander-in-chief on the west coast of Africa.  In August, 1873, while reconnoitring up the river Prah, he was dangerously wounded by a musket shot in the lungs, which compelled him to invalid. In March, 1874 he was created a K.C.B., and attained his flag on 12 November, 1876.
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John Edmund Commerell was born in London on 13 January, 1829, the second son of John William Commerell of Strood Park, Horsham, by his wife Sophia, daughter of William Bosanquet.  Entering the navy in February, 1842, he was at once sent out to China and initiated in the realities of war.  Later on he was in the ''Firebrand'' with Captain (afterwards Sir) James Hope, and took part in the several operations in the ''Parana'', including the engagement with the batteries at Obligado on 20 November, 1845, when the chain was cut by the boats of the ''Firebrand''.  As lieutenant of the ''Vulture'' he was in the Baltic in 1854, and took part in the operations in the Gulf of Bothnia, the next year in the Black Sea and Sea of Azoff, and on 29 September was promoted to be commander of the ''Weser'', gun vessel, employed in the Sea of Azoff.  A few days later, on 11 October, he landed with a small party, made a hazardous march inland, and set fire to a large store of forage and corn.  The service was both important and dangerous, in acknowledgement of which the Victoria Cross was given to Commerell and two seamen of his party.  On 3 April, 1858, he was awarded the fifth class of the Turkish Imperial Order of the Medjidie.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/22122/pages/1736 no. 22122.  p. 1736.]  3 April, 1858.</ref>  In 1859 he was in China in the ''Fury'', and commanded a division of the seamen landed for the unsuccessful attack on the Taku forts.  Although repulsed, the determined courage in the face of insurmountable difficulties was everywhere recognised, and Commerell was promoted to the rank of {{CaptRN}}.  In 1866 his services while in command of the ''Terrible'', employed for laying the Atlantic cable, were rewarded with a civil C.B.  In 1869 he commanded the ''Monarch'', which in December carried across the Atlantic the remains of George Peabody.  In 1870 he received the military C.B., and in February, 1871, with a broad pennant in the ''Rattlesnake'', was appointed commander-in-chief on the west coast of Africa.  In August, 1873, while reconnoitring up the river Prah, he was dangerously wounded by a musket shot in the lungs, which compelled him to invalid. He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.) on 13 March, 1874.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/24082/pages/1921 no. 24082.  p. 1921.]  31 March, 1874.</ref>  He was promoted to the rank of {{RearRN}} on 12 November, 1876.
  
 
In the following year he was sent out to the Mediterranean as second in command, at the special request of [[Geoffrey Thomas Phipps Hornby|Sir Geoffrey Hornby]], with whom his relations were throughout most cordial and who highly commended his ability and loyalty while he served with him.  He was promoted to the rank of {{ViceRN}} on 19 January, 1881, vice Wake.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/24927/pages/340 no. 24927.  p. 340.]  25 January, 1881.</ref>  In November 1882, he went out as commander-in-chief on the [[North America and West Indies Station]], where he remained for nearly three years, returning in the autumn of 1885.  At the general election of that year, and again in the following, he was returned as Conservative member for Southampton, and zealously for the next two years endeavoured to awaken the country to the necessity of strengthening the Navy.  He was thus largely instrumental in bringing about the Naval Defence Act of 1889, though he was not then in parliament, having resigned his seat in July, 1888 on being appointed [[Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth]].  He had been promoted to {{AdmRN}} in April, 1886, and had been made a G.C.B. on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Jubilee in June, 1887.  At Portsmouth it fell to his lot in 1889 to command at the naval review, and to receive the German emperor, Kasier Willhelm II, who afterwards wrote him an autograph letter on presenting him with a sword.  At court he had always been a ''persona grata''; and on the death of Sir Provo Wallis, on 13 February, 1892, was by special desire of Queen Victoria promoted to the rank of {{FleetRN}}. In accordance with the provisions of the [[Order in Council of 22 February, 1870]] he was placed on the Retired List on 13 January, 1899,<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27043/pages/298 no. 27043.  p. 298.]  17 January, 1899.</ref> and died in London on 21 May 1901.  He married in 1853 Mathilda Maria, daughter of Joseph Bushby.
 
In the following year he was sent out to the Mediterranean as second in command, at the special request of [[Geoffrey Thomas Phipps Hornby|Sir Geoffrey Hornby]], with whom his relations were throughout most cordial and who highly commended his ability and loyalty while he served with him.  He was promoted to the rank of {{ViceRN}} on 19 January, 1881, vice Wake.<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/24927/pages/340 no. 24927.  p. 340.]  25 January, 1881.</ref>  In November 1882, he went out as commander-in-chief on the [[North America and West Indies Station]], where he remained for nearly three years, returning in the autumn of 1885.  At the general election of that year, and again in the following, he was returned as Conservative member for Southampton, and zealously for the next two years endeavoured to awaken the country to the necessity of strengthening the Navy.  He was thus largely instrumental in bringing about the Naval Defence Act of 1889, though he was not then in parliament, having resigned his seat in July, 1888 on being appointed [[Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth]].  He had been promoted to {{AdmRN}} in April, 1886, and had been made a G.C.B. on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Jubilee in June, 1887.  At Portsmouth it fell to his lot in 1889 to command at the naval review, and to receive the German emperor, Kasier Willhelm II, who afterwards wrote him an autograph letter on presenting him with a sword.  At court he had always been a ''persona grata''; and on the death of Sir Provo Wallis, on 13 February, 1892, was by special desire of Queen Victoria promoted to the rank of {{FleetRN}}. In accordance with the provisions of the [[Order in Council of 22 February, 1870]] he was placed on the Retired List on 13 January, 1899,<ref>''London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/27043/pages/298 no. 27043.  p. 298.]  17 January, 1899.</ref> and died in London on 21 May 1901.  He married in 1853 Mathilda Maria, daughter of Joseph Bushby.

Revision as of 15:17, 19 July 2011

Admiral of the Fleet SIR John Edmund Commerell, V.C., G.C.B., Royal Navy (13 January, 1829 – 21 May, 1901) was an officer in the Royal Navy during the nineteenth century. He was awarded the Victoria Cross, the British Empire's pre-eminent decoration for bravery in the face of the enemy, for service in the Crimean War. He was specially promoted to Captain for his bravery at the Taku Forts in 1859. Promoted to Flag Rank in 1874, he was flew his flag afloat in a number of appointments, and was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet in 1892 at the request of Queen Victoria. He served in the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for two terms.

Life & Career

This article may temporarily contain text from an edition of the Dictionary of National Biography which is in the Public Domain.

John Edmund Commerell was born in London on 13 January, 1829, the second son of John William Commerell of Strood Park, Horsham, by his wife Sophia, daughter of William Bosanquet. Entering the navy in February, 1842, he was at once sent out to China and initiated in the realities of war. Later on he was in the Firebrand with Captain (afterwards Sir) James Hope, and took part in the several operations in the Parana, including the engagement with the batteries at Obligado on 20 November, 1845, when the chain was cut by the boats of the Firebrand. As lieutenant of the Vulture he was in the Baltic in 1854, and took part in the operations in the Gulf of Bothnia, the next year in the Black Sea and Sea of Azoff, and on 29 September was promoted to be commander of the Weser, gun vessel, employed in the Sea of Azoff. A few days later, on 11 October, he landed with a small party, made a hazardous march inland, and set fire to a large store of forage and corn. The service was both important and dangerous, in acknowledgement of which the Victoria Cross was given to Commerell and two seamen of his party. On 3 April, 1858, he was awarded the fifth class of the Turkish Imperial Order of the Medjidie.[1] In 1859 he was in China in the Fury, and commanded a division of the seamen landed for the unsuccessful attack on the Taku forts. Although repulsed, the determined courage in the face of insurmountable difficulties was everywhere recognised, and Commerell was promoted to the rank of Captain. In 1866 his services while in command of the Terrible, employed for laying the Atlantic cable, were rewarded with a civil C.B. In 1869 he commanded the Monarch, which in December carried across the Atlantic the remains of George Peabody. In 1870 he received the military C.B., and in February, 1871, with a broad pennant in the Rattlesnake, was appointed commander-in-chief on the west coast of Africa. In August, 1873, while reconnoitring up the river Prah, he was dangerously wounded by a musket shot in the lungs, which compelled him to invalid. He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.) on 13 March, 1874.[2] He was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral on 12 November, 1876.

In the following year he was sent out to the Mediterranean as second in command, at the special request of Sir Geoffrey Hornby, with whom his relations were throughout most cordial and who highly commended his ability and loyalty while he served with him. He was promoted to the rank of Vice-Admiral on 19 January, 1881, vice Wake.[3] In November 1882, he went out as commander-in-chief on the North America and West Indies Station, where he remained for nearly three years, returning in the autumn of 1885. At the general election of that year, and again in the following, he was returned as Conservative member for Southampton, and zealously for the next two years endeavoured to awaken the country to the necessity of strengthening the Navy. He was thus largely instrumental in bringing about the Naval Defence Act of 1889, though he was not then in parliament, having resigned his seat in July, 1888 on being appointed Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth. He had been promoted to Admiral in April, 1886, and had been made a G.C.B. on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Jubilee in June, 1887. At Portsmouth it fell to his lot in 1889 to command at the naval review, and to receive the German emperor, Kasier Willhelm II, who afterwards wrote him an autograph letter on presenting him with a sword. At court he had always been a persona grata; and on the death of Sir Provo Wallis, on 13 February, 1892, was by special desire of Queen Victoria promoted to the rank of Admiral of the Fleet. In accordance with the provisions of the Order in Council of 22 February, 1870 he was placed on the Retired List on 13 January, 1899,[4] and died in London on 21 May 1901. He married in 1853 Mathilda Maria, daughter of Joseph Bushby.

Footnotes

  1. London Gazette: no. 22122. p. 1736. 3 April, 1858.
  2. London Gazette: no. 24082. p. 1921. 31 March, 1874.
  3. London Gazette: no. 24927. p. 340. 25 January, 1881.
  4. London Gazette: no. 27043. p. 298. 17 January, 1899.

Bibliography

  • "Death of Sir J. E. Commerell" (Obituaries). The Times. Wednesday, 22 May, 1901. Issue 36461, col A, pg. 5.

Service Records