Difference between revisions of "H.M.S. Havock (1893)"

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|name=Havock
 
|name=Havock
 
|launch=12 Aug, 1893{{Conways1860|p. 90}}
 
|launch=12 Aug, 1893{{Conways1860|p. 90}}
|builder=[[Yarrow]]{{Conways1860|p. 90}}
+
|builder=[[Yarrow & Company]]{{Conways1860|p. 90}}
 
|laid=Jul, 1892{{Conways1860|p. 90}}
 
|laid=Jul, 1892{{Conways1860|p. 90}}
 
|fate=Broken up
 
|fate=Broken up
 
|pend=
 
|pend=
 
|fg=white|bg=crimson}}</div name=fredbot:career>
 
|fg=white|bg=crimson}}</div name=fredbot:career>
'''H.M.S. ''Havock''''' was one of forty-two [["A" Class Destroyer (1894)|"A" class destroyers]] built for the [[Royal Navy]] &mdash; a "26 knotter".
+
'''H.M.S. ''Havock''''' was one of six [[26 Knotter]]s, early [[Torpedo Boat Destroyer]]s built for the [[Royal Navy]] in the 1890s.
  
 
She was broken up before the war.
 
She was broken up before the war.
  
 
==Construction==
 
==Construction==
 +
''Havock'' was ordered with locomotive boilers so she could be completed ahead of the other five 26-knotters.{{Conways1860|p. 90}}  She had fourteen auxilary motors for steering, pumping, air compression, ventilation fans, and electrical generation for lighting.<ref>"The New Torpedo-Boat Destroyer Havock."  ''The Times'' (London, England), Monday, Dec 04, 1893; pg. 10; Issue 34125.</ref>
  
''Havock'' was ordered with locomotive boilers so she could be completed ahead of the other five 26-knotters.{{Conways1860|p. 90}}
+
==Armament==
 +
She was equipped as follows.<ref>"The New Torpedo-Boat Destroyer Havock."  ''The Times'' (London, England), Monday, Dec 04, 1893; pg. 10; Issue 34125.</ref>
 +
 
 +
===Guns===
 +
* one 12-pdr on conning tower
 +
* two 6-pdrs, one on each broadside
 +
* one 6-pdr on centreline, aft
 +
 
 +
===Torpedoes===
 +
* one fixed 18-in tube forward
 +
* two swivelling 18-in tubes
  
 
==Service==
 
==Service==
Her trials were conducted in May, 1894.  In the first phase, she underwent progressive, comparative trials with the {{UK-1Speedy|f=t}} and in the second, she simulated a 120 mile sortie to take up station off an enemy port to test the endurance of crew, fuel and stores while maintaining presence.  It was found that she had the speed and manoeuvrability of a T.B., but with greater destructive power and that her readiness to chase down a T.B. would be assured if she were able to choose her own leisurely speed at other times.  That is, she should not cruise with a fleet.  She was found to be more habitable than T.Bs. in moderate weather, but only a shade more so in heavy weather.  Her top speed was best chosen as 23 or 24 knots, with 12 being economical.  She possessed a three hour sprint endurance, which was deemed sufficient to chase down a torpedo boat and bring her to bay, and that her best tactics for engagement were to close to 600 yards, stop for one minute to fire, and then resume the process.{{ARTS1894|pp. ix, x.}}
+
Her official trials were conducted on Saturday 28 October, 1893 and she averaged 26.78 knots over three hours running at 362 RPM, bearing a load of 35 tons in "very boisterous" conditions under 3,400 HP of her indicated maximum 3,500.<ref>"Naval & Military Intelligence."  ''The Times'' (London, England), Monday, Oct 30, 1893; pg. 7; Issue 34095.</ref>  A later trial of eight hours continual economical steaming at ten knots showed her burning 392 pounds of coal per hour with 60 tons of coal embarked.  Moving this to 11 knots increased consumption to something under a quarter ton, prompting an estimated endurance of 3,500 nautical miles without re-coaling.  Tests at high speed and turning showed her to be superior to previous torpedo boats.<ref>"The New Torpedo-Boat Destroyer Havock."  ''The Times'' (London, England), Monday, Dec 04, 1893; pg. 10; Issue 34125.</ref>
 +
 
 +
Further trials were conducted in May, 1894.  In the first phase, she underwent progressive, comparative trials with the {{UK-1Speedy|f=t}} and in the second, she simulated a 120 mile sortie to take up station off an enemy port to test the endurance of crew, fuel and stores while maintaining presence.  It was found that she had the speed and manoeuvrability of a T.B., but with greater destructive power and that her readiness to chase down a T.B. would be assured if she were able to choose her own leisurely speed at other times.  That is, she should not cruise with a fleet.  She was found to be more habitable than T.Bs. in moderate weather, but only a shade more so in heavy weather.  Her top speed was best chosen as 23 or 24 knots, with 12 being economical.  She possessed a three hour sprint endurance, which was deemed sufficient to chase down a torpedo boat and bring her to bay, and that her best tactics for engagement were to close to 600 yards, stop for one minute to fire, and then resume the process.{{ARTS1894|pp. ix, x.}}
  
 
==Captains==
 
==Captains==
 
Dates of appointment are provided when known.
 
Dates of appointment are provided when known.
<div name=fredbot:officeCapt otitle="Captain of H.M.S. ''Havock''">{{TenureListBegin|Captain of {{UK-Havock|f=p}}}}
+
<div name=fredbot:officeCapt otitle="Captain of H.M.S. ''Havock''">
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Arthur Ward Torlesse|nick=Arthur W. Torlesse|appt=January, 1894<ref>"Naval & Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Saturday, 23 December, 1893.  Issue '''34142''', col A, p. 7.</ref>|precBy=New Command}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}}|name=Arthur Ward Torlesse|nick=Arthur W. Torlesse|appt=30 December, 1893{{NLApr94|p. 223}}<ref>"Naval & Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Saturday, 23 December, 1893.  Issue '''34142''', col A, p. 7.</ref>|precBy=New Command|note=in lieu of a Lieutenant in Command|end=25 June, 1894<ref>Torlesse Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/39/547.| D7579004}} f. 1312.</ref>}}
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}}|name=Richard Bowles Farquhar|nick=Richard B. Farquhar|appt=26 June, 1894<ref>Farquhar Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}} f. 41.</ref>|end=27 August, 1894<ref>Farquhar Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}} f. 41.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}}|name=Richard Bowles Farquhar|nick=Richard B. Farquhar|appt=26 June, 1894<ref>Farquhar Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}} f. 41.</ref>|end=27 August, 1894<ref>Farquhar Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/20.}} f. 41.</ref>|note=for [[Annual Manoeuvres of 1894]]}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LiCRN}}|name=Lionel Grant Tufnell|nick=Lionel G. Tufnell|appt=24 July, 1895<ref>Tufnell Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/39.}}  f. 1335.</ref>|end=14 August, 1895<ref>Tufnell Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/39.}}  f. 1335.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LiCRN}}|name=Lionel Grant Tufnell|nick=Lionel G. Tufnell|appt=24 July, 1895{{ToL|The Naval Manoeuvres|July 19, 1895, Issue 34633, p.14}}<ref>Tufnell Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/39.}}  f. 1335.</ref>|end=14 August, 1895<ref>Tufnell Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/39.}}  f. 1335.</ref>|note=for [[Annual Manoeuvres of 1895]]}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Albert Sumner Lafone|nick=Albert Sumner Lafone|appt=14 January, 1896<ref>"Naval & Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Friday, 10 January, 1896.  Issue '''34783''', col D, p. 8.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Albert Sumner Lafone|nick=Albert Sumner Lafone|appt=14 January, 1896<ref>"Naval & Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Friday, 10 January, 1896.  Issue '''34783''', col D, p. 8.</ref>|end=18 February, 1896<ref>Lafone Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/42/156.|D7602099}} f. 183.</ref>{{NLMar96|p. 266}}}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LiCRN}}|name=William Frederick Blunt|nick=William F. Blunt|appt=July, 1896<ref>Blunt Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|}} f. 109.</ref>|note=for manoeuvres}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LiCRN}}|name=William Frederick Blunt|nick=William F. Blunt|appt=8 July, 1896{{NMI|Thursday, Jul 09, 1896; pg. 11; Issue 34938}}<ref>Blunt Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|}} f. 109.</ref>|end=18 August, 1896<ref>Blunt Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|}} f. 109.</ref>|note=for [[Annual Manoeuvres of 1896]]}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Berkeley Holme-Sumner|nick=Berkeley Holme-Sumner|appt=15 June, 1897<ref>"The Naval Review at Spithead".  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 9 June, 1897.  Issue '''35225''', col D, p. 10.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Berkeley Holme-Sumner|nick=Berkeley Holme-Sumner|appt=15 June, 1897<ref>"The Naval Review at Spithead".  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 9 June, 1897.  Issue '''35225''', col D, p. 10.</ref>|end=27 June, 1897|note=for Jubilee Naval Review and the [[Annual Manoeuvres of 1897]]}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Geoffrey Tatton Bowles|nick=Geoffrey T. Bowles|appt=16 July, 1901<ref>"The Naval Manœuvres".  ''The Times''.  Thursday, 11 July, 1901Issue '''36504''', col C, p. 8.</ref>|note=for manœuvres}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Sidney Richard Olivier|nick=Sidney R. Olivier|appt=January, 1898|end=early 1898}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Harry Charles John Roberts West|nick=Harry C. J. R. West|appt=1 March, 1902<ref>"Naval & Military intelligence" ''The Times'' (London). Friday, 7 March 1902. (36709), p. 3.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Geoffrey Tatton Bowles|nick=Geoffrey T. Bowles|appt=16 July, 1901{{ToL|The Naval Manoeuvres|Thursday, July 11, 1901, Issue 36504, p.8}}|end=|note=for the [[Annual Manoeuvres of 1901]]}}
{{Tenure|rank={{GunnerRN}} in Command|name=Charles Walter Cock|nick=Charles W. Cock|ass=late 1905{{INF}}{{NLDec05|p. 324}}|appt=1 October, 1903{{NLDec05|p. 324}}}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Henry Gerald Elliot Lane|nick=Henry G. Elliot Lane|appt=late July, 1901|end=}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Reginald Guy Stone|nick=Reginald G. Stone|appt=1 April, 1906{{NLJan07|p. 324}}}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Harry Charles John Roberts West|nick=Harry C. J. R. West|appt=6 March, 1902<ref>West Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43/249.|D7602675}} f. 384.</ref>|end=7 May, 1902<ref>West Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43/249.|D7602675}} f. 384.</ref>}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Charles William Ernest Whish|nick=Charles W. E. Whish|appt=18 February, 1908<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Saturday, February 8, 1908.  Issue '''38564''', col B, p. 7.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Sidney Julius Meyrick|nick=Sidney J. Meyrick|appt=21 July, 1903<ref>"APPOINTMENTS FOR THE NAVAL MANOEUVRES." ''The Times'' (London, England), Thursday, Jul 16, 1903; pg. 8; Issue 37134.</ref>|end=18 August, 1903|note=for [[Annual Manoeuvres of 1903]]}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Charles Wilbraham John Howard|nick=Charles W. J. Howard|appt=16 January, 1909<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 19 January, 1909.  Issue '''38860''', col B, p. 7.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Ernest Stevenson|nick=Ernest Stevenson|appt=14 July, 1904{{ToL|Appointments for the Naval Manoeuvres|Saturday, Jul 09, 1904; pg. 12; Issue 37442}}|end=11 October, 1904|note=for [[Annual Manoeuvres of 1904]]}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=De Courcy Wyndor Plunkett Ireland|nick=De Courcy W. P. Ireland|appt=1 February, 1910{{NLApr10|p. 324}}}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{GunnerRN}} in Command|name=Charles Walter Cock|nick=Charles W. Cock|ass=late 1905{{INF}}{{NLDec05|p. 324}}|appt=1 October, 1903{{NLDec05|p. 324}}|end=1 April, 1906}}
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Charles Harold Jones|nick=Charles H. Jones|appt=8 August, 1910<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 3 August, 1910.  Issue '''39341''', col C, p. 7.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Frank Reginald Willis|nick=Frank R. Willis|appt=July, 1905<ref>Willis Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/46/72.|D7603579}} f. ?.</ref>|end=c. August, 1905{{INF}}|note=lent for [[Annual Manoeuvres of 1905]]}}
{{TenureListEnd}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Reginald Guy Stone|nick=Reginald G. Stone|appt=1 April, 1906<ref>Stone Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/45/141.|D7603393}} f. 145.</ref>{{NLMar07|p. 324}}|end=18 February, 1908<ref>Stone Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/45/141.|D7603393}} f. 145.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Charles William Ernest Whish|nick=Charles W. E. Whish|appt=18 February, 1908<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Saturday, February 8, 1908.  Issue '''38564''', col B, p. 7.</ref>{{NLOct08|p. 324}}|end=October, 1908}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Randolph Divett|nick=Randolph Divett|appt=6 October, 1908<ref>Divett Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/48/41.|D7603945}} f. ?.</ref>|end=11 January, 1909<ref>Divett Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/48/41.|D7603945}} f. ?.</ref>|note=dismissed the ship following Court Martial for being absent without leave}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Charles Wilbraham John Howard|nick=Charles W. J. Howard|appt=16 January, 1909<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 19 January, 1909.  Issue '''38860''', col B, p. 7.</ref>{{NLJul09|p. 324}}|end=23 August, 1909}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{LaCRN}}|name=Thomas Kennedy Maxwell|nick=Thomas K. Maxwell|appt=7 September, 1909{{NLJan10|p. 324}}|end=1 February, 1910}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=De Courcy Wyndor Plunkett Ireland|nick=De Courcy W. P. Ireland|appt=1 February, 1910{{NLApr10|p. 324}}|end=1910}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{LieutRN}} & Commander|name=Charles Harold Jones|nick=Charles H. Jones|appt=8 August, 1910<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence".  ''The Times''.  Wednesday, 3 August, 1910.  Issue '''39341''', col C, p. 7.</ref>|end=15 August, 1910}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}}|name=Percy George Brown|nick=Percy G. Brown|appt=September, 1910<ref>Brown Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43/435.|D7602753}} f. 486.</ref>{{NLApr11|p. 323}}|end=31 October, 1911<ref>Brown Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43/435.|D7602753}} f. 486.</ref>|note=and in command of Plymouth Port Flotilla}}
 
</div name=fredbot:officeCapt>
 
</div name=fredbot:officeCapt>
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==
 
{{refbegin}}
 
{{refbegin}}
{{WP|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Havock_(1893)}}
+
{{WP|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Havock_(1893)}}
 
{{refend}}
 
{{refend}}
  

Revision as of 14:53, 6 September 2019

H.M.S. Havock (1893)
Builder: Yarrow & Company[1]
Ordered: 1892[2]
Laid down: Jul, 1892[3]
Launched: 12 Aug, 1893[4]
Commissioned: Jan, 1894[5]
Broken up: 1912[6]

H.M.S. Havock was one of six 26 Knotters, early Torpedo Boat Destroyers built for the Royal Navy in the 1890s.

She was broken up before the war.

Construction

Havock was ordered with locomotive boilers so she could be completed ahead of the other five 26-knotters.[7] She had fourteen auxilary motors for steering, pumping, air compression, ventilation fans, and electrical generation for lighting.[8]

Armament

She was equipped as follows.[9]

Guns

  • one 12-pdr on conning tower
  • two 6-pdrs, one on each broadside
  • one 6-pdr on centreline, aft

Torpedoes

  • one fixed 18-in tube forward
  • two swivelling 18-in tubes

Service

Her official trials were conducted on Saturday 28 October, 1893 and she averaged 26.78 knots over three hours running at 362 RPM, bearing a load of 35 tons in "very boisterous" conditions under 3,400 HP of her indicated maximum 3,500.[10] A later trial of eight hours continual economical steaming at ten knots showed her burning 392 pounds of coal per hour with 60 tons of coal embarked. Moving this to 11 knots increased consumption to something under a quarter ton, prompting an estimated endurance of 3,500 nautical miles without re-coaling. Tests at high speed and turning showed her to be superior to previous torpedo boats.[11]

Further trials were conducted in May, 1894. In the first phase, she underwent progressive, comparative trials with the torpedo gunboat Speedy and in the second, she simulated a 120 mile sortie to take up station off an enemy port to test the endurance of crew, fuel and stores while maintaining presence. It was found that she had the speed and manoeuvrability of a T.B., but with greater destructive power and that her readiness to chase down a T.B. would be assured if she were able to choose her own leisurely speed at other times. That is, she should not cruise with a fleet. She was found to be more habitable than T.Bs. in moderate weather, but only a shade more so in heavy weather. Her top speed was best chosen as 23 or 24 knots, with 12 being economical. She possessed a three hour sprint endurance, which was deemed sufficient to chase down a torpedo boat and bring her to bay, and that her best tactics for engagement were to close to 600 yards, stop for one minute to fire, and then resume the process.[12]

Captains

Dates of appointment are provided when known.

See Also

Footnotes

  1. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. p. 90.
  2. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. p. 90.
  3. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. p. 90.
  4. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. p. 90.
  5. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. p. 90.
  6. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. p. 90.
  7. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. p. 90.
  8. "The New Torpedo-Boat Destroyer Havock." The Times (London, England), Monday, Dec 04, 1893; pg. 10; Issue 34125.
  9. "The New Torpedo-Boat Destroyer Havock." The Times (London, England), Monday, Dec 04, 1893; pg. 10; Issue 34125.
  10. "Naval & Military Intelligence." The Times (London, England), Monday, Oct 30, 1893; pg. 7; Issue 34095.
  11. "The New Torpedo-Boat Destroyer Havock." The Times (London, England), Monday, Dec 04, 1893; pg. 10; Issue 34125.
  12. Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1894. pp. ix, x..
  13. The Navy List. (April, 1894). p. 223.
  14. "Naval & Military Intelligence". The Times. Saturday, 23 December, 1893. Issue 34142, col A, p. 7.
  15. Torlesse Service Record. The National Archives. D7579004 ADM 196/39/547. f. 1312.
  16. Farquhar Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/20. f. 41.
  17. Farquhar Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/20. f. 41.
  18. "The Naval Manoeuvres." The Times (London, England), July 19, 1895, Issue 34633, p.14.
  19. Tufnell Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/39. f. 1335.
  20. Tufnell Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/39. f. 1335.
  21. "Naval & Military Intelligence". The Times. Friday, 10 January, 1896. Issue 34783, col D, p. 8.
  22. Lafone Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42/156. f. 183.
  23. The Navy List. (March, 1896). p. 266.
  24. "Naval & Military Intelligence." The Times (London, England), Thursday, Jul 09, 1896; pg. 11; Issue 34938.
  25. Blunt Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 109.
  26. Blunt Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 109.
  27. "The Naval Review at Spithead". The Times. Wednesday, 9 June, 1897. Issue 35225, col D, p. 10.
  28. "The Naval Manoeuvres." The Times (London, England), Thursday, July 11, 1901, Issue 36504, p.8.
  29. West Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/249. f. 384.
  30. West Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/249. f. 384.
  31. "APPOINTMENTS FOR THE NAVAL MANOEUVRES." The Times (London, England), Thursday, Jul 16, 1903; pg. 8; Issue 37134.
  32. "Appointments for the Naval Manoeuvres." The Times (London, England), Saturday, Jul 09, 1904; pg. 12; Issue 37442.
  33. The Monthly Navy List. (December, 1905). p. 324.
  34. Willis Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/46/72. f. ?.
  35. Stone Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/45/141. f. 145.
  36. The Navy List. (March, 1907). p. 324.
  37. Stone Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/45/141. f. 145.
  38. "Naval and Military Intelligence". The Times. Saturday, February 8, 1908. Issue 38564, col B, p. 7.
  39. The Navy List. (October, 1908). p. 324.
  40. Divett Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/48/41. f. ?.
  41. Divett Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/48/41. f. ?.
  42. "Naval and Military Intelligence". The Times. Tuesday, 19 January, 1909. Issue 38860, col B, p. 7.
  43. The Navy List. (July, 1909). p. 324.
  44. The Navy List. (January, 1910). p. 324.
  45. The Navy List. (April, 1910). p. 324.
  46. "Naval and Military Intelligence". The Times. Wednesday, 3 August, 1910. Issue 39341, col C, p. 7.
  47. Brown Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/435. f. 486.
  48. The Navy List. (April, 1911). p. 323.
  49. Brown Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/435. f. 486.

Bibliography


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