Difference between revisions of "Admiral of Patrols"

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==Admirals of Patrols==
 
==Admirals of Patrols==
<div name=fredbot:office0 otitle="Admiral of Patrols" nat="UK">{{TenureListBegin|Admiral of Patrols}}
+
<div name=fredbot:office0 otitle="Admiral of Patrols" nat="UK">
 
{{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}}|name=John Michael de Robeck, First Baronet|nick=John M. de Robeck|appt=8 April, 1912<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|end=1 May, 1914<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|precBy=New Appointment}}
 
{{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}}|name=John Michael de Robeck, First Baronet|nick=John M. de Robeck|appt=8 April, 1912<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|end=1 May, 1914<ref>de Robeck Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}} f. 128.</ref>|precBy=New Appointment}}
{{Tenure|rank={{Com1RN}}|name=George Alexander Ballard|nick=George A. Ballard|appt=1 May, 1914<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Friday, 1 May, 1914.  Issue '''40512''', col B, p. 6.</ref>}}
+
{{Tenure|rank={{Com1RN}}|name=George Alexander Ballard|nick=George A. Ballard|appt=1 May, 1914<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Friday, 1 May, 1914.  Issue '''40512''', col B, p. 6.</ref>|end=6 November, 1915|succBy=[[George Alexander Ballard|George A. Ballard]] as [[Rear-Admiral Commanding, East Coast of England|East Coast of England Station]]}}
{{TenureListEnd}}
+
 
</div name=fredbot:office0>
 
</div name=fredbot:office0>
  
 
==Assistants to Admiral of Patrols==
 
==Assistants to Admiral of Patrols==
<div name=fredbot:officeAsst otitle="Assistant to the Admiral of Patrols" nat="UK">{{TenureListBegin|Assistant to the Admiral of Patrols}}
+
<div name=fredbot:officeAsst otitle="Assistant to the Admiral of Patrols" nat="UK">
 
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Walter Henry Cowan, First Baronet|nick=Walter H. Cowan|appt=1 May, 1912<ref>Cowan Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|D7576536}} f. 249.</ref>|end=7 February, 1914<ref>Cowan Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|D7576536}} f. 249.</ref>}}
 
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Walter Henry Cowan, First Baronet|nick=Walter H. Cowan|appt=1 May, 1912<ref>Cowan Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|D7576536}} f. 249.</ref>|end=7 February, 1914<ref>Cowan Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|D7576536}} f. 249.</ref>}}
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Edward George Lowther-Crofton|nick=Edward G. Lowther-Crofton|appt=27 January, 1914{{NLMar14|p. 359}}}}
+
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Edward George Lowther-Crofton|nick=Edward G. Lowther-Crofton|appt=7 February, 1914<ref>Lowther-Crofton Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/43/316.|D7602644}} f.347.</ref>|end=1 February, 1915<ref>Lowther-Crofton Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/43/316.|D7602644}} f.347.</ref>}}
{{TenureListEnd}}
+
 
</div name=fredbot:officeAsst>
 
</div name=fredbot:officeAsst>
 +
 +
==Mobilising Directors==
 +
<div name=fredbot:officeMDAP otitle="Mobilising Director, Auxiliary Patrol" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}} (retired)|name=Reginald Francis Parker|nick=Reginald F. Parker|appt=March, 1917<ref>Parker Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43/195.|}} f. 209.</ref>|end=}}
 +
</div name=fredbot:officeMDAP>
  
 
==The Auxiliary Patrols==
 
==The Auxiliary Patrols==
 +
Before the war, it had been planned to have a number of trawlers for anti-submarine and minesweeping work, but the number of craft immediately available amounted to just fourteen vessels.  To increase the size of the force quickly, it was decided that private vessels should be requisitioned.{{UKTH7|p. 5}}
 +
 
In 1914, the Board of Admiralty ordered the [[Admiralty War Staff]] to devise, in Dr. Nicholas Lambert's words, a "different organisation" for the patrol flotillas on the East Coast of Great Britain.  The First Sea Lord, Prince Louis of Battenberg, directed that the doctrine of patrol was to be replaced by that of coast defence.  The War Staff contemplated the use of fifty aeroplanes, equipped with W/T equipment, capable of searching up to one hundred miles distant from their bases.  Rear-Admiral de Robeck was replaced by the architect of the new doctrine, Captain [[George Alexander Ballard|George A. Ballard]].<ref>Lambert.  ''Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution''.  p. 286.</ref>  Ballard assumed the duties of Admiral of Patrols on 1 May, 1914, with the rank of {{Com1RN}}.<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Friday, 1 May, 1914.  Issue '''40512''', col B, p. 6.</ref>
 
In 1914, the Board of Admiralty ordered the [[Admiralty War Staff]] to devise, in Dr. Nicholas Lambert's words, a "different organisation" for the patrol flotillas on the East Coast of Great Britain.  The First Sea Lord, Prince Louis of Battenberg, directed that the doctrine of patrol was to be replaced by that of coast defence.  The War Staff contemplated the use of fifty aeroplanes, equipped with W/T equipment, capable of searching up to one hundred miles distant from their bases.  Rear-Admiral de Robeck was replaced by the architect of the new doctrine, Captain [[George Alexander Ballard|George A. Ballard]].<ref>Lambert.  ''Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution''.  p. 286.</ref>  Ballard assumed the duties of Admiral of Patrols on 1 May, 1914, with the rank of {{Com1RN}}.<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Friday, 1 May, 1914.  Issue '''40512''', col B, p. 6.</ref>
  
 
On 20 December, 1914 new patrol areas were establishing encompassing all of the coastal waters of the UK.  There were 21 to 23 of these areas, depending on source or definition, all under the Admiral of Patrols.  They included trawlers, drifters, etc. as well as destroyers.  By about August 1915, these patrols became known as the '''Auxiliary Patrols'''.{{UKNavalOpsII|pp. 18-9, 133-4}}<ref>Thanks to Keith Allen for contributing to this section.</ref>
 
On 20 December, 1914 new patrol areas were establishing encompassing all of the coastal waters of the UK.  There were 21 to 23 of these areas, depending on source or definition, all under the Admiral of Patrols.  They included trawlers, drifters, etc. as well as destroyers.  By about August 1915, these patrols became known as the '''Auxiliary Patrols'''.{{UKNavalOpsII|pp. 18-9, 133-4}}<ref>Thanks to Keith Allen for contributing to this section.</ref>
  
===Auxiliary Patrol Areas===
+
Drifters joined the effort in 1915, and primarily worked with maintaining net barrages.  In 1916, Admiralty trawlers and drifters were being built to specification and yachts and motor launches were being purchased.  In the last year of the war, American Sub Chasers arrived in great numbers, greatly increasing overall strength.  By the end of the war, the total number of auxiliary patrol craft in commission had mushroomed to approximately 3,100.{{UKTH7|p. 9}}
 +
 
 +
===Auxiliary Patrol Areas near Britain===
 +
 
 +
[[File:TH7_Fig1.jpg|thumb|400px|'''Patrol Areas near Britain''']]
 +
 
 +
Each Patrol Area was provided with a shore base and a Senior Naval Officer who was either a flag officer or a captain of the Royal Navy, though the patrol vessels were under officers of the [[Royal Naval Reserve]] or the [[Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve]].  The larger areas might have ancillary bases with a Commander.  The bases were not entirely static in definition, and lines were occasionally redrawn as circumstances warranted.{{UKTH7|pp. 9-10}}
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area I'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area I''' (Hebrides and the Minch, based at Loch Ewe and [[Stornoway]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office1 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area I" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office1 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area I" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office1>
 
</div name=fredbot:office1>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area II'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area II''' (Shetlands, base at Longhope)
  
<div name=fredbot:office2 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area II" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office2 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area II" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}} (retired)|name=Hubert George Alston|nick=Hubert G. Alston|appt=10 October, 1917|end=4 January, 1918}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office2>
 
</div name=fredbot:office2>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area III'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area III''' (the Orkneys, base at Longhope)
  
<div name=fredbot:office3 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area III" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office3 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area III" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office3>
 
</div name=fredbot:office3>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area IV'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area IV''' (Moray Firth, base at [[Cromarty]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office4 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area IV" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office4 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area IV" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}} (acting)|name=Henry Leage Dicks|nick=Henry L. Dicks|appt=19 January, 1915{{FC}}<ref>Dicks Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|D7602478}} f. 145.</ref>|end=after 1 December, 1918{{SMNLDec18|p. 8}}}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office4>
 
</div name=fredbot:office4>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area V'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area V''' (off Rattray Head, base at [[Peterhead]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office5 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area V" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office5 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area V" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{Com2RNR}}|name=James Edward Clifford Goodrich|nick=James E. C. Goodrich|appt=19 October, 1916|end=23 June, 1917}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}}|name=Francis William Kennedy|nick=Francis W. Kennedy|appt=23 June, 1917{{SMNLNov18|p. 3}}|end=12 May, 1919}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office5>
 
</div name=fredbot:office5>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VI'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VI''' (Forth to Rattray Head, base at Rosyth)
  
<div name=fredbot:office6 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VI" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office6 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VI" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office6>
 
</div name=fredbot:office6>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VII'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VII''' (Seaward of the Forth, base at [[Granton]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office7 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VII" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office7 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VII" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office7>
 
</div name=fredbot:office7>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VIII'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VIII''' (the Tyne, based at [[Tyne]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office8 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VIII" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office8 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VIII" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Frederick Kenrick Colquhoun Gibbons|nick=Frederick K. C. Gibbons|appt=20 February, 1915|end=March, 1915}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office8>
 
</div name=fredbot:office8>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area IX'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area IX''' (Humber, based at [[Grimsby]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office9 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area IX" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office9 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area IX" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office9>
 
</div name=fredbot:office9>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area X'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area X''' (off East Anglian coast, bases in [[Great Yarmouth|Yarmouth]] and [[Harwich]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office10 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area X" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office10 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area X" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office10>
 
</div name=fredbot:office10>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XI'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XI''' (Dover Straits, based in [[Dover]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office11 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XI" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office11 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XI" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office11>
 
</div name=fredbot:office11>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XII'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XII''' (East Channel, based in [[Portsmouth]] with sub-bases at [[Newhaven]] and possibly [[Poole]]{{SMNLJan16|p. 18}})
 
+
<div name=fredbot:office12 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XII" nat="UK">
<div name=fredbot:office12 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XII" nat=UK>
+
 
</div name=fredbot:office12>
 
</div name=fredbot:office12>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XIII'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XIII''' (Mid-Channel, based at [[Portland]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office13 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XIII" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office13 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XIII" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}}|name=Vivian Henry Gerald Bernard|nick=Vivian H. G. Bernard|appt=27 November, 1917{{SMNLNov18|p. 2}}|end=27 November, 1919<ref>Bernard Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/88.|}}  f. 121.</ref>}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office13>
 
</div name=fredbot:office13>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XIV'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XIV''' (Western Approach, based in [[Devonport]])
 +
This area had sub-bases at Plymouth, Penzance and [[Scilly Islands]].{{SMNLJan16|p. 18}}
  
<div name=fredbot:office14 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XIV" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office14 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XIV" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Valentine Egerton Bagot Phillimore|nick=V. E. B. Phillimore|appt=15 April, 1915<ref>Phillimore Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43/511.|D7576578}} f. 511.</ref>|end=May, 1916<ref>Phillimore Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43/511.|D7576578}} f. 511.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}} (retired)|name=John Scott Luard|nick=John S. Luard|appt=1 May, 1917<ref>Luard Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.|D7579070}}  f. 313.</ref>|end=15 August, 1919<ref>Luard Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.|D7579070}}  f. 313.</ref>}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office14>
 
</div name=fredbot:office14>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XV'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XV''' (St. George's and Bristol Channel, based at Milford with sub-base at Rosslare)
  
<div name=fredbot:office15 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XV" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office15 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XV" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office15>
 
</div name=fredbot:office15>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XVI'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XVI''' (Irish Channel, based at [[Liverpool]], [[Kingstown]] and [[Belfast]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office16 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XVI" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office16 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XVI" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Henry Douglas Wilkin|nick=Henry D. Wilkin|appt=24 February, 1915<ref>Wilkin Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.|D8112173}} f. 175.</ref>|end=}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}} (retired)|name=Henry Faulconer Aplin|nick=Henry F. Aplin|appt=17 December, 1915|end=4 June, 1916}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}}|name=Herbert Chatterton|nick=Herbert Chatterton|appt=4 June, 1916<ref>Chatterton Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.|}}  f. 170.</ref>|end=10 May, 1917<ref>Chatterton Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.|}}  f. 170.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{Com1RNR}}|name=John Denison|nick=John Denison|appt=May, 1916|end=10 May, 1917}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office16>
 
</div name=fredbot:office16>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XVII'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XVII''' (North Coast of Ireland, based at [[Lough Larne]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office17 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XVII" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office17 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XVII" nat="UK">
* {{Com2RN}} [[Charles Douglas Carpendale|Charles D. Carpendale]], March, 1918<ref>Carpendale Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|}} f. 443.</ref>|end=21 February, 1919<ref>Carpendale Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|}} f. 443.</ref>
+
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRNR}} (temporary)|name=Charles James Barlow|nick=Charles J. Barlow|appt=20 February, 1915<ref>Barlow Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/38.|D7578771}} f. 31.</ref>|ass=24 February, 1915<ref>Barlow Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/38.|D7578771}} f. 31.</ref>|end=2 April, 1915<ref>Barlow Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/38.|D7578771}} f. 31.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{Com2RNR}}|name=Alfred Wyndham Paget|nick=Alfred W. Paget|appt=11 April, 1916|end=February, 1917}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRNR}}|name=Robert Stevenson Dalton Cuming|nick=Robert S. D. Cuming|appt=24 January, 1917<ref>Cuming Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/38.}}  f. 280.</ref>|end=1 March, 1918<ref>Cuming Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/38.}}  f. 280.</ref>|note=as {{Com2RN}}}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Charles Douglas Carpendale|nick=Charles D. Carpendale|appt=March, 1918<ref>Carpendale Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|}} f. 443.</ref>|end=21 February, 1919<ref>Carpendale Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/43.|}} f. 443.</ref>}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office17>
 
</div name=fredbot:office17>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XVIII'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XVIII''' (North-west Coast of Ireland, based at Lough Swilly)
  
<div name=fredbot:office18 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XVIII" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office18 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XVIII" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Herbert Chatterton|nick=Herbert Chatterton|appt=9 June, 1915<ref>Chatterton Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.|}}  f. 170.</ref>|end=4 June, 1916<ref>Chatterton Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.|}}  f. 170.</ref>}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office18>
 
</div name=fredbot:office18>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XIX'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XIX''' (West Coast of Ireland, based at Blacksod Bay)
  
<div name=fredbot:office19 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XIX" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office19 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XIX" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{LCommRN}} (retired)|name=Henry Thomas Gartside-Tipping|nick=Henry T. Gartside-Tipping|appt=19 January, 1915|end=29 May, 1915}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{LCommRN}}|name=Walter Pulteney Koe|nick=Walter P. Koe|appt=29 May, 1915|end=10 September, 1915}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Arthur Parkinson James|nick=Arthur P. James|appt=21 September, 1915|end=1 April, 1918}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office19>
 
</div name=fredbot:office19>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XX'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XX''' (West Coast of Ireland, based at Galway Bay)
  
<div name=fredbot:office20 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XX" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office20 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XX" nat="UK">
 
</div name=fredbot:office20>
 
</div name=fredbot:office20>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XXI'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XXI''' (South and South-west Coast of Ireland, based at Queenstown with a sub-base at [[Berehaven]])
  
<div name=fredbot:office21 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XXI" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office21 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XXI" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Charles Talbot Hardy|nick=Charles T. Hardy|appt=3 July, 1915<ref>Hardy Service Record {{TNA|ADM 196/44/316.|D7603100}} f. 355.</ref>|end=9 February, 1916<ref>Hardy Service Record {{TNA|ADM 196/44/316.|D7603100}} f. 355.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}}|name=Charles Archibald Wise Wrightson|nick=Charles A. W. Wrightson|appt=10 February, 1916<ref>Wrightson Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/44/101.|D7602887}} f. 112.</ref>|end=31 January, 1917<ref>Wrightson Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/44/101.|D7602887}} f. 112.</ref>}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}}|name=Henry Luxmoore|nick=Henry Luxmoore|appt=31 January, 1917|end=22 December, 1917}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CommRN}}|name=Frederick Cathcart Guy St. Clair|nick=F. C. Guy St. Clair|appt=26 November, 1918|end=December, 1918}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office21>
 
</div name=fredbot:office21>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XXII'''
+
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XXII''' (Eastern Irish Sea, west of the Mersey based at Holyhead)
  
<div name=fredbot:office22 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XXII" nat=UK>
+
<div name=fredbot:office22 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XXII" nat="UK">
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}} (retired)|name=Arthur Reginald Raby|nick=Arthur R. Raby|appt=11 July, 1915<ref>Raby Service Record.  {{TNA|196/43.|D7602394}} f. 51.</ref>|end=after June 1916{{SMNLJun16|p. 9}}}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Henry Faulconer Aplin|nick=Henry F. Aplin|appt=4 June, 1916|end=1 April, 1917}}
 +
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRNR}} (temporary)|name=Herbert Charles Campbell Da Costa|nick=Herbert C. C. Da Costa|appt=1 April, 1917<ref>''The London Gazette'': [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/30008/pages/3206 no. 30008.  p. 3206.]  3 April, 1917.</ref>|end=6 June, 1918<ref>Da Costa Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/42.}}  f. 266.</ref>}}
 
</div name=fredbot:office22>
 
</div name=fredbot:office22>
  
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XXIII'''
+
'''Nore Auxiliary Patrol Area''' (mouth of the Nore, east of London)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officeNore otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Nore Auxiliary Patrol Area" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officeNore>
 +
 
 +
'''Harwich Auxiliary Patrol Area''' (off Harwich, just north of Nore area above)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officeHarwich otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Harwich Auxiliary Patrol Area" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officeHarwich>
 +
 
 +
'''Bristol Auxiliary Patrol Area''' (in [[Bristol Channel]])
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officeBristol otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Bristol Auxiliary Patrol Area" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officeBristol>
 +
 
 +
'''Mersey Auxiliary Patrol Area''' (off mouth of Mersey, east of Area XXII)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officeMersey otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Mersey Auxiliary Patrol Area" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officeMersey>
 +
 
 +
'''Clyde Auxiliary Patrol Area''' (mouth of Clyde)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officeClyde otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Clyde Auxiliary Patrol Area" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officeClyde>
 +
 
 +
===Auxiliary Patrol Areas in Mediterranean===
 +
 
 +
[[File:TH7_Fig2.jpg|thumb|800px|'''Mediterranean Patrol Areas''']]
 +
 
 +
The Mediterranean Patrol Areas were variously under British, French and Italian control and were (vexingly) also designated by Roman numerals, but it is possible that they had national suffices as shown in the figure above.  We will assume this is the case for purposes of clarity.
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area I.Br''' (all Mediterranean west of Oran, including Gibraltar)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem1 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area I.Br" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem1>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area II.Fr''' (east of Oran, west of Sardinia and Corsica)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem2 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area II.Fr" nat="FR">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem2>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area III.It''' (Tyrrhenian Sea)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem3 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area III.It" nat="IT">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem3>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area IV.Fr''' (eastern coast of Tunisia)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem4 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area IV.Fr" nat="FR">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem4>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area V.Br''' (central Mediterranean, South of Sicily)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem5 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area V.Br" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem5>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VI.It''' (Adriatic and "insole" of Italy)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem6 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VI.It" nat="IT">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem6>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VII.Fr''' (Southwest of Greece)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem7 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VII.Fr" nat="FR">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem7>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area VIII.Br''' (between Greece and Turkey, encompassing Dardanelles)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem8 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area VIII.Br" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem8>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area IX.Fr''' (Eastern Mediterranean)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem9 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area IX.Fr" nat="FR">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem9>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area X.Br''' (Central Mediterranean south of Crete, including Egyptian coast)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem10 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area X.Br" nat="UK">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem10>
 +
 
 +
'''Auxiliary Patrol Area XI.It''' (Gulf of Sidra)
 +
 
 +
<div name=fredbot:officem11 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XI.It" nat="IT">
 +
</div name=fredbot:officem11>
  
<div name=fredbot:office23 otitle="Senior Officer in Charge, Auxiliary Patrol Area XXIII" nat=UK>
 
</div name=fredbot:office23>
 
 
==Footnotes==
 
==Footnotes==
 
{{reflist}}
 
{{reflist}}

Revision as of 11:44, 22 May 2019

Rear-Admiral John M. de Robeck was appointed Admiral of Patrols on 8 April, 1912.

The Patrol Flotillas

On 1 May, 1912 de Robeck hoisted his flag in the St. George at Harwich upon taking command of the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Destroyer Flotillas, formerly the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Flotillas of the Third and Fourth Divisions of the Home Fleet.[1] It was publicly announced on 16 April that the office of the Admiral of Patrols would be at the Admiralty.[2]

In the words of de Robeck's assistant, Captain (later Admiral Sir) Walter H. Cowan:

We had an old Cruiser for Flagship[,] 'St. George' … but we were very seldom in her except when John de Robeck wanted to give a dinner-party. We soon learnt to combine business with pleasure - we were both very fond of playing golf and hunting the FOX.[3]

Admirals of Patrols

Assistants to Admiral of Patrols

Mobilising Directors

The Auxiliary Patrols

Before the war, it had been planned to have a number of trawlers for anti-submarine and minesweeping work, but the number of craft immediately available amounted to just fourteen vessels. To increase the size of the force quickly, it was decided that private vessels should be requisitioned.[12]

In 1914, the Board of Admiralty ordered the Admiralty War Staff to devise, in Dr. Nicholas Lambert's words, a "different organisation" for the patrol flotillas on the East Coast of Great Britain. The First Sea Lord, Prince Louis of Battenberg, directed that the doctrine of patrol was to be replaced by that of coast defence. The War Staff contemplated the use of fifty aeroplanes, equipped with W/T equipment, capable of searching up to one hundred miles distant from their bases. Rear-Admiral de Robeck was replaced by the architect of the new doctrine, Captain George A. Ballard.[13] Ballard assumed the duties of Admiral of Patrols on 1 May, 1914, with the rank of Commodore, First Class.[14]

On 20 December, 1914 new patrol areas were establishing encompassing all of the coastal waters of the UK. There were 21 to 23 of these areas, depending on source or definition, all under the Admiral of Patrols. They included trawlers, drifters, etc. as well as destroyers. By about August 1915, these patrols became known as the Auxiliary Patrols.[15][16]

Drifters joined the effort in 1915, and primarily worked with maintaining net barrages. In 1916, Admiralty trawlers and drifters were being built to specification and yachts and motor launches were being purchased. In the last year of the war, American Sub Chasers arrived in great numbers, greatly increasing overall strength. By the end of the war, the total number of auxiliary patrol craft in commission had mushroomed to approximately 3,100.[17]

Auxiliary Patrol Areas near Britain

Patrol Areas near Britain

Each Patrol Area was provided with a shore base and a Senior Naval Officer who was either a flag officer or a captain of the Royal Navy, though the patrol vessels were under officers of the Royal Naval Reserve or the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. The larger areas might have ancillary bases with a Commander. The bases were not entirely static in definition, and lines were occasionally redrawn as circumstances warranted.[18]

Auxiliary Patrol Area I (Hebrides and the Minch, based at Loch Ewe and Stornoway)

Auxiliary Patrol Area II (Shetlands, base at Longhope)

Auxiliary Patrol Area III (the Orkneys, base at Longhope)

Auxiliary Patrol Area IV (Moray Firth, base at Cromarty)

Auxiliary Patrol Area V (off Rattray Head, base at Peterhead)

Auxiliary Patrol Area VI (Forth to Rattray Head, base at Rosyth)

Auxiliary Patrol Area VII (Seaward of the Forth, base at Granton)

Auxiliary Patrol Area VIII (the Tyne, based at Tyne)

Auxiliary Patrol Area IX (Humber, based at Grimsby)

Auxiliary Patrol Area X (off East Anglian coast, bases in Yarmouth and Harwich)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XI (Dover Straits, based in Dover)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XII (East Channel, based in Portsmouth with sub-bases at Newhaven and possibly Poole[22])

Auxiliary Patrol Area XIII (Mid-Channel, based at Portland)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XIV (Western Approach, based in Devonport) This area had sub-bases at Plymouth, Penzance and Scilly Islands.[25]

Auxiliary Patrol Area XV (St. George's and Bristol Channel, based at Milford with sub-base at Rosslare)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XVI (Irish Channel, based at Liverpool, Kingstown and Belfast)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XVII (North Coast of Ireland, based at Lough Larne)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XVIII (North-west Coast of Ireland, based at Lough Swilly)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XIX (West Coast of Ireland, based at Blacksod Bay)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XX (West Coast of Ireland, based at Galway Bay)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XXI (South and South-west Coast of Ireland, based at Queenstown with a sub-base at Berehaven)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XXII (Eastern Irish Sea, west of the Mersey based at Holyhead)

Nore Auxiliary Patrol Area (mouth of the Nore, east of London)

Harwich Auxiliary Patrol Area (off Harwich, just north of Nore area above)

Bristol Auxiliary Patrol Area (in Bristol Channel)

Mersey Auxiliary Patrol Area (off mouth of Mersey, east of Area XXII)

Clyde Auxiliary Patrol Area (mouth of Clyde)

Auxiliary Patrol Areas in Mediterranean

Mediterranean Patrol Areas

The Mediterranean Patrol Areas were variously under British, French and Italian control and were (vexingly) also designated by Roman numerals, but it is possible that they had national suffices as shown in the figure above. We will assume this is the case for purposes of clarity.

Auxiliary Patrol Area I.Br (all Mediterranean west of Oran, including Gibraltar)

Auxiliary Patrol Area II.Fr (east of Oran, west of Sardinia and Corsica)

Auxiliary Patrol Area III.It (Tyrrhenian Sea)

Auxiliary Patrol Area IV.Fr (eastern coast of Tunisia)

Auxiliary Patrol Area V.Br (central Mediterranean, South of Sicily)

Auxiliary Patrol Area VI.It (Adriatic and "insole" of Italy)

Auxiliary Patrol Area VII.Fr (Southwest of Greece)

Auxiliary Patrol Area VIII.Br (between Greece and Turkey, encompassing Dardanelles)

Auxiliary Patrol Area IX.Fr (Eastern Mediterranean)

Auxiliary Patrol Area X.Br (Central Mediterranean south of Crete, including Egyptian coast)

Auxiliary Patrol Area XI.It (Gulf of Sidra)

Footnotes

  1. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Wednesday, 17 April, 1912. Issue 39875, col A, p. 17.
  2. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Tuesday, 16 April, 1912. Issue 39874, col C, p. 4.
  3. Cowan Memoirs. f. 252.
  4. de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  5. de Robeck Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 128.
  6. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Friday, 1 May, 1914. Issue 40512, col B, p. 6.
  7. Cowan Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 249.
  8. Cowan Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 249.
  9. Lowther-Crofton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/316. f.347.
  10. Lowther-Crofton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/316. f.347.
  11. Parker Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/195. f. 209.
  12. The Technical History and Index, Vol. 1, Part 7. p. 5.
  13. Lambert. Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution. p. 286.
  14. "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Friday, 1 May, 1914. Issue 40512, col B, p. 6.
  15. Naval Operations. Volume II. pp. 18-9, 133-4.
  16. Thanks to Keith Allen for contributing to this section.
  17. The Technical History and Index, Vol. 1, Part 7. p. 9.
  18. The Technical History and Index, Vol. 1, Part 7. pp. 9-10.
  19. Dicks Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 145.
  20. Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (December, 1918). p. 8.
  21. Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (November, 1918). p. 3.
  22. Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (January, 1916). p. 18.
  23. Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (November, 1918). p. 2.
  24. Bernard Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/88. f. 121.
  25. Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (January, 1916). p. 18.
  26. Phillimore Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/511. f. 511.
  27. Phillimore Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43/511. f. 511.
  28. Luard Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 313.
  29. Luard Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 313.
  30. Wilkin Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 175.
  31. Chatterton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 170.
  32. Chatterton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 170.
  33. Barlow Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 31.
  34. Barlow Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 31.
  35. Cuming Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 280.
  36. Cuming Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 280.
  37. Carpendale Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 443.
  38. Carpendale Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 443.
  39. Chatterton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 170.
  40. Chatterton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 170.
  41. Hardy Service Record The National Archives. ADM 196/44/316. f. 355.
  42. Hardy Service Record The National Archives. ADM 196/44/316. f. 355.
  43. Wrightson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44/101. f. 112.
  44. Wrightson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44/101. f. 112.
  45. Raby Service Record. The National Archives. 196/43. f. 51.
  46. Supplement to the Monthly Navy List. (June, 1916). p. 9.
  47. The London Gazette: no. 30008. p. 3206. 3 April, 1917.
  48. Da Costa Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 266.

Bibliography

  • Lambert, Nicholas A. (1999). Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1570032777.